Educational Psychology 3RD Edition By by John Santrock

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CHAPTER 6: SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:
a. initiative versus guilt.
b. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
c. industry versus inferiority.
d. trust versus mistrust.
Answer: a
Difficulty Level: Easy
Blooms: Remember
Page(s): 170

2. According to Erik Erikson, the “great governor” of initiative is:
a. conscience.
b. independence.
c. fear.
d. obedience.
Answer: a
Difficulty Level: Hard
Blooms: Understand
Page(s): 170

3. In Erikson’s portrait of early childhood, the young child clearly has begun to develop
_____, which is the representation of self, the substance and content of self-
conceptions. a. self-control
b. self-confidence
c. self-understanding
d. self-centerednessAnswer: c
Difficulty Level: Easy
Blooms: Remember
Page(s): 170

4. Four-year-old Harlan says “I’m always happy!” Researchers suggest that Harlan, like
other kids his own age, have self-descriptions that are typically: a. reflective of reality.
b. reflective of what others think about them.
c. abstract and magical.




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d. unrealistically positive.
Answer: d
Difficulty Level: Medium
Blooms: Apply
Page(s): 171
5. Hans feels ashamed when his parents say “You should feel bad about biting your
sister!” To experience a _____ emotion like shame, Hans must be able to refer to
himself as distinct from others. a. social
b. self-conscious
c. penitent
d. sympathetic
Answer: b
Difficulty Level: Medium
Blooms: Apply
Page(s): 172

6. _____ emotions do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears around 18
months of age.
a. Self-conscious
b. Social
c. Penitent
d. Sympathetic
Answer: a
Difficulty Level: Easy
Blooms: Remember
Page(s): 172

7. _____ especially plays a key role in children’s ability to manage the demands and
conflicts they face in interacting with others. It is an important component of executive
function.
a. Moral integrity
b. Emotion regulation
c. Moral development
d. IndependenceAnswer: b
Difficulty Level: Easy
Blooms: Remember
Page(s): 173




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8. When Brianna is upset her mother facilitates open discussion about why she is
upset and helps her figure out how to deal with the negative emotions. Therefore,
Brianna’s mother takes an _____ approach to parenting. a. emotion-dismissing
b. emotion-criticizing parent.
c. emotion-coaching
d. emotion-encouraging
Answer: c
Difficulty Level: Medium
Blooms: Apply
Page(s): 173
9. _____ parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner, use more
scaffolding and praise, and are more nurturant than are emotion-dismissing
parents. a. Emotion-dismissing
b. Emotion-facilitator
c. Emotion-coaching
d. Emotion-encouragingAnswer: c
Difficulty Level: Easy
Blooms: Remember
Page(s): 173

10. The children of _____ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get
upset, more effective in regulating their negative effect, focus their attention better,
and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents. a.
emotion-coaching
b. emotion-facilitator
c. emotion-encouraging
d. emotion-independent
Answer: a
Difficulty Level: Medium
Blooms: Apply
Page(s): 173

11. Developmental psychologists would describe Jennifer as an “emotion-dismissing”
parent to her son. Which of the following types of behavior is Jennifer MOST likely to
engage in?
a. She praises her son when he performs a task well.
b. She ignores her child when he cries.




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c. She engages in more scaffolding with her son.
d. She acknowledges her child’s emotions.
Answer: b
Difficulty Level: Hard
Blooms: Apply
Page(s): 173

12. Barbara monitors her children’s emotions, views their negative emotions as
opportunities for teaching, and assists her children in labeling their emotions. She is an:
a. emotion-facilitator parent.
b. emotion-supportive parent.
c. emotion-coaching parent.
d. emotion-encouraging parent.
Answer: c
Difficulty Level: Hard
Blooms: Apply
Page(s): 173
13. Marjorie chooses to deny, ignore, or change the negative emotions of her children.
She is an:
a. emotion-coaching parent.
b. emotion-criticizing parent.
c. emotion-dismissing parent.
d. emotion-blind parent.Answer: c
Difficulty Level: Hard
Blooms: Apply
Page(s): 173

14. _____ development involves the development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with
other people.
a. Conventional
b. Superego
c. Moral
d. Pragmatic
Answer: c
Difficulty Level: Easy




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