US History I Unit 3 Challenge 3 EXAM PACK-BEST FOR 2022 ACTUAL EXAM

US History I Unit 3 Challenge 3 May 17, 1815 My dearest brother Nolan, I hope this letter finds you well. Although we are distant from one another — I in Rhode Island and you in Georgia — I think of you often and eagerly await a return letter. What are your thoughts on democratic politics here in the early 19th century? We have not spoken much of politics since we have become men, and I am curious about your stances on many issues. How is your family? How do you fare on your farm and working the land? Your loving brother, Claude Choose the statement that does NOT accurately characterize the nature of democratic politics in the early 19th century. Thus began a correspondence between the two brothers that continued for many years as the United States underwent growth and change. An excerpt from one of Nolan’s letters: The crisis we have recently faced with the electoral college has convinced me that the United States cannot continue with a single–political party system. I'm referring of course, dear brother, to the (A) election of 1824 Nolan wrote again to his brother: You ask if the 1828 tariff has had any negative effects here in the South. I say assuredly that it has. Our economy relies on the cash crop of cotton, and as a result we depend on imported manufactured goods. Thus, our interests are threatened by paying this burdensome tax. In addition, the price of cotton has fallen, so our incomes have fallen as well. Choose "true" if the statement describes an action or event leading up to the nullification crisis of 1832. Choose "false" if it does not. = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer true false Many felt the federal government was biased in favor of Northern ● manufacturers. Vice president John Calhoun insisted upon “sovereign powers” ● between federal and state governments. South Carolina threatened to secede from the country if the tariff wasn’t lifted. ● Claude, who belonged to the Whig Party, wrote to Nolan in 1830 about president Andrew Jackson. “Why do you support him, brother? He is much hated here. We consider him to be exercising tyrannical powers, much like King George III.” Nolan quickly responded, “I support him for many reasons, dear Claude.” Choose two characteristics of Andrew Jackson that appealed to his supporters. Because the two brothers held different political stances, their letters became slightly argumentative at times. Each defended his position with passion but did little to convince the other to agree. Classify the brothers’ statements as more reflective of the "Whig" or the "Democratic" Party. = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer “I remain suspicious toward federal power and corporate interests.” ● “I believe government should be involved in social and moral causes.” ● “I do not believe the federal government is responsible for economic growth.” ● Claude sent money to his brother and his brother's family in Georgia when times were lean. He attempted to convince his brother to join him in Rhode Island, as he had become quite prosperous and could provide Nolan with a job in his textile mill. “We have developed an ideology centered on the principle of free labor,” he wrote. All of the following were economic shifts in the North in the early 19th century EXCEPT . “I fear our sections of the United States are moving further apart in both economics and ideology,” Nolan wrote back. “While you, in the North, celebrate industrialization and what you call ‘free labor,’ we, in the South, continue to depend on cotton and slave labor. Our economy enriches many – planters, merchants, traders, and yes, even politicians – and we continue to view our system as a positive for our region. I have faith that our economic troubles will pass, and we will soon see the fruits of our investments.” Choose the statement that best explains why the South rationalized slavery as a positive. Nolan continued: “As you have been so kind to inform me of the merits of the economic system in the North, I will take some time to explain to you how the economy of the South has evolved, albeit, at a different pace and in a different direction than yours. We have had our own technological innovations of course – the cotton gin, for one – and the demands for cotton are great, so we are clearly producing a valuable commodity. (Where does the cotton for your own textile mill come from, dear brother?) You seem to be troubled by the idea of slave labor, but I assure you our slaves are happy and well cared for.” Place events in the correct sequence that trace the evolution of the Southern economy. 1. c. The invention of the cotton gin allowed cotton to become an important cash crop for the Southern economy. 2. b. Industrial mills in Great Britain along with the construction of textile mills in the Northeast increased demands for cotton. 3. a. The Mississippi River became the mode of transportation to move cotton and other freight. ● a. The Mississippi River became the mode of transportation to move cotton and other freight. ● b. Industrial mills in Great Britain along with the construction of textile mills in the Northeast increased demands for cotton. ● c. The invention of the cotton gin allowed cotton to become an important cash crop for the Southern economy. “What is your standing on the Indian issue?” Claude wrote. Nolan thought carefully before responding. The fact was, many of his Georgian neighbors bitterly resented the presence of the Cherokees. As the tribes had assimilated, they had become part of the economy and represented a threat to white development in the region. Nolan was not sure where he stood on the issue, but he knew Claude would disapprove of the sentiments of his neighbors, so he tried to write in neutral terms. “I believe the consequences of these acts may cause some harm, but the ultimate results will be beneficial.” Many in the South supported the Indian Removal Act because they knew removing the Indians would lead to (A) stronger state sovereignty . A less violence on the frontier their assimilation the expansion of slavery Over the next years, Nolan’s fortunes improved. He bought more land and slaves and increased both cotton production and his own profits. While Nolan considered himself a “good” slave owner, he was a bit bothered by Claude’s distant judgment. Claude wrote that Nolan’s improved circumstances were the result of misguided principles that he could not understand or agree with. Nolan sat, pen in hand, and pondered how to respond. He sensed great changes were coming again, and even though he and Claude were divided on some issues, he did not ever want to be divided as brothers. Southerners' support of both Indian removal and the institution of slavery was rooted in . Determine whether each statement is True or False about the 1830s-1840s and the ways in which historians study this time period. = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer True False Sharing information became easier due to a boom in the transportation and communication industries. ● Studying letters, like Claude and Nolan's, can help historians better understand this time period. ● Most historians believe that the Civil War was predictable and was destined to take place. ●