SOPHIA 202 Week 4 Discussion EXAM PACK-BEST FOR 2022 ACTUAL EXAM

SOPHIA 202 Week 4 Discussion Chart for recording results: Resting pulse rate: 55 Resting respiration rate: 14 Pulse after 3 minutes of exercise: 108 Respiration after 3 minutes of exercise: 31 Resting pulse rate – 5 minutes after exercise: 89 Resting respiration rate – 5 minutes after exercise: 28 Brief description of the cardiovascular system: The cardiovascular system consists of blood, arteries, the heart, capillaries, and veins. The heart pumps the blood through the body via the blood vessels which transports water, oxygen and other nutrients to the other organs and parts of the body. Waste is then transported away as the blood travels from the organs, back to the heart (Colbert, Ankney & Lee, 2013). Brief description of the respiratory system: The respiratory system is made of the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, mouth, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), diaphragm, lungs, bronchial tubes/bronchi, bronchioles, air sacs (alveoli) and capillaries. Air is brought into the body through the nose and mouth and enters the lungs. The oxygen is then transported into the blood stream (Colbert, Ankney & Lee, 2013). The cardiovascular and respiratory system work together by: providing oxygen to the organs of the body. Air moves in and out of the lungs through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and veins that connect to the heart (Smith, C. 2012) The cardiovascular system adjusts to meet the demands of exercise by (be sure to include appropriate terminology such as stroke volume, respiration, and pulse): When a person partakes in physical activity, the demand for oxygen becomes higher. The heart must then speed up in order to accommodate the body’s increased need for blood and oxygen (Colbert, Ankney & Lee, 2013). An untrained person’s heart rate and breathing rate would take longer to return to a resting rate compared to a person who is in good physical condition because their heart has had less time under tension to build up the stamina. Similar to other muscles in the body, it does not have to work as hard when it is in good shape and used the training. Brief explanation of the relationship between heart rate and breathing rate during physical activity: During physical activity the heart rate and breathing rate increases to make sure that more oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and more carbon dioxide is removed from it. Three contributing factors to coronary artery disease (CAD): a. Excess Weight b. Tobacco Use c. High Cholesterol CAD leads to dysfunction of the cardiovascular system by constricting blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen. When the blood vessels are narrowed it can cause SOB and CP during exercise. Three contributing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) a. Smoking or second hand smoke b. Genetics c. Exposure to smoke, chemicals or other harmful fumes. COPD leads to dysfunction of the respiratory system by causing inflammation and narrowing of the lungs, which makes it difficult for air to move in and out of the lungs. References: Colbert, B. J., Ankney, J., & Lee. K. T. (2013). Anatomy, physiology, & disease: An interactive journey for health professionals (2nd ed.). Boston: MA. Pearson Education. Smith, C. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: The Relationships of the Respiratory System. Retrieved from: ReplyReply to Comment COLLAPSE SUBDISCUSSIONDavid Moser David Moser YesterdayMay 12 at 7:49pm Class, Chart for recording results: Resting pulse rate 51 beat/min Resting respiration rate 48 breaths/min Pulse after 3 minutes of exercise 97 beat/min Respiration after 3 minutes of exercise 64 breaths/min Resting pulse rate – 5 minutes after exercise 78 beat/min Resting respiration rate – 5 minutes after exercise 48 breaths/min Brief description of the cardiovascular system: The cardiovascular system is made up of the "heart, blood, and blood vessels" and its function is to mobilize "nutrients and O...to the cells in the body and CO2 and other waste products of cell's metabolism" out of the body (Colbert, Ankney & Lee, 2013, p. 308). Brief description of the respiratory system: The function of the respiratory system is to mobilize O from the "atmosphere to the bloodstream to be utilized by cells, tissues, and organs, for the process of cellular reputation, which is necessary to sustain life" (Colber, Ankney & Lee, 2013, p. 346) The cardiovascular and respiratory system work together by: The two systems work together by the respiratory system filtering out waste from the blood, transferring it into our lung's air so that it can be exhaled. When the lungs expand and inhale the fresh air, blood is resupplied with O. As this process works, simultaneously, the cardiovascular system is working to push and pull that fresh blood supply through the body to ensure every system gets the oxygen necessary to function. The cardiovascular system adjusts to meet the demands of exercise by (be sure to include appropriate terminologies such as stroke volume, respiration, and pulse) The medulla oblongata tells the diaphragm of the lungs to operate, via the phrenic nerve and the heart by the vagus nerve (Colbert, Ankney & Lee, 2013). These two systems operate together. Our body uses oxygen just like an engine uses fuel. The greater the workload, the greater amount of fuel that is used. Likewise, the human body responds to work and O usage the same. Exercise is work. The brains command the heart to beat faster to pump more oxygenated blood through the bodies of blood vessels (veins and arteries). The right atrium moves O depleted blood to the right ventricle. The blood then becomes released of its CO2 and waste and is oxygenated via the left atrium and then to the left ventricle where it is then dispersed throughout the body (Mayo Clinic, 2012). An untrained person’s heart rate and breathing rate would take longer to return to a resting rate compared to a person who is in good physical condition because the untrained person would tend to have a less physically active body, meaning the muscles are not trained for exertion, they are likely to have high blood pressure, body weight, and levels of circulating fat cells which contribute the heart require to pump longer and harder to overcome the workload it accomplished (Sloan, 2019). The breathing rate is directly related to the heart rate. Both systems have to be trained consistently to overcome the effort required of these systems during and after exercise/exerted physical movements. Brief explanation of the relationship between heart rate and breathing rate during physical activity: During exercise, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system work together to increase and regulate oxygen usage and heart rate to ensure the body had the nutrients required to perform work. As more effort is required, the breathing increases as does the heart rate to remove CO2 and replace it with O to support the operations. Three contributing factors to coronary artery disease (CAD): a. Blood Clots (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013, p. 339) b. Sedentary Lifestyle (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013, p. 339) c. Improper dieting and exercise (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013, p. 339) CAD leads to dysfunction of the cardiovascular system by obstructing the blood vessels with fatty cells, thus restricting blood flow and creating blood clots, preventing blood to cycle through the heart for CO2 and waste cleansing (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013). Three contributing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) a. Mold (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013, p. 368) b. Tobacco Smoke (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013, p. 368) c. Air Pollution (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013, p. 368) COPD leads to dysfunction of the respiratory system by obstructing the breathing passageways and reducing the exchange rate of O and CO2 (Colber, Ankey & Lee, 2013). V/R, David References: Colbert, B. J., Ankney, J., & Lee. K. T. (2013). Anatomy, physiology, & disease: An interactive journey for health professionals (2nd ed.). Boston: MA. Pearson Education. Mayo Clinic. (2012). Heart and circulatory system- How they work. (Links to an external site.) Retrieved from: Sloan, M. (2019, February 06). Your resting heart rate can reflect your current — and future — health.