Test Bank for Understanding Pharmacology for
Health Professionals 5th Edition by Turley.
,
, Chapter 1 Turley, 5th edition
Chapter 1 Introduction to Pharmacology and the History of Drugs
1. Define the following terms:
a. Pharmacology: The study of medicines/drugs and how they work with a living
organism.
b. Drug: Nonfood chemical substance. (dried herbs, plants, etc.)
c. Medicine: drugs used to prevent, control, improve, or cure symptoms,
conditions, or diseases.
d. Orphan drugs: act providing special incentives to grant offset drug development
costs, and a tax credit that allows up to 75% deduction or the cost of clinical
trials. This allows the development of drugs for rare diseases to be available due
to it being more cost effective.
e. Prophylaxis: To prevent- motion sickness, pregnancy, illness, diseases, etc.
f. Compounding: Customizing a medication to meet a patient’s needs. Customizing
the strength/dose, flavoring a medication, reformulating, changing form of
medication.
g. Rx: prescription that combines more than one ingredient to form the drug.
h. Apothecary: Person in charge of the storehouse (Storehouse-dried plants and
herbs.) Apothecary shop is a system for measuring precise amounts of small
quantities of drugs and herbs.
i. Pharmacopeia: list of all drugs used in apothecary, individual ingredients,
strengths and purity, and how to prepare them. Basically, a drug guide.
j. Legend drugs: Same as a prescription drug.
k. OTC drugs: over the counter drug, can be found in medicine aisles of stores.
l. DEA number: DEA- drug enforcement administration, a pharmacy must have a
DEA certificate and number in order to dispense scheduled drugs.
m. Designer drugs: Created by molecular modification of existing illegal schedule I
or II drug.
2. Describe the 3 medical uses for drugs:
a. preventative
b. diagnose
1
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, Chapter 1 Turley, 5th edition
c. treat
3. State 3 natural sources that drugs are derived from and give an example of each
a. plant- ephedrine; burning of the leaves to treat respiratory ailments
b. animal- Pregnant mares urine; Premarin-female hormone replacement.
c. mineral- herbs, acupuncture, massage, essential oils.
4. Briefly describe the impact of the following drug legislation and agencies:
a. Food and Drugs Act of 1906: First federal drug law that only drugs listed in the
pharmacopeia or national formulary could actually be prescribed.
b. Food and Drug Administration: Weighs inherent risks against its benefits, completes
review process before it issues a final approval or rejection.
c. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938: No longer needed proof of fraud to stop
sales, seize any drug suspected of being toxic, burden of proof was on the drug
companies.
d. Durham-Humphrey Amendment: Defined prescription drugs 1951
e. Kefauver-Harris Amendment: Tightened control on existing prescription drugs and
new drugs. Required that drugs be shown to be safe, effective, and to report
adverse effects-1962
f. Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act: FDA guidelines for herbal
products and dietary supplements 1994
g. Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997- gave authority to
accelerate approval process for certain types of drugs.
h. Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2006:
medicate part D to reduce cost of prescription drugs for senior citizens.
i. FDA Safety and Administration Act: Breakthrough therapy
j. Controlled Substances Act: Divided potentially addictive drugs into five categories or
schedules, based on their potential for physical or psychological dependence, known
as schedule drugs or controlled substances.
k. Drug Enforcement Administration: DEA- regulate the manufacturing and dispensing
of these drugs.
l. Orphan Drug Act: Purpose to facilitate the development of new drugs to treat rare
diseases.
Health Professionals 5th Edition by Turley.
,
, Chapter 1 Turley, 5th edition
Chapter 1 Introduction to Pharmacology and the History of Drugs
1. Define the following terms:
a. Pharmacology: The study of medicines/drugs and how they work with a living
organism.
b. Drug: Nonfood chemical substance. (dried herbs, plants, etc.)
c. Medicine: drugs used to prevent, control, improve, or cure symptoms,
conditions, or diseases.
d. Orphan drugs: act providing special incentives to grant offset drug development
costs, and a tax credit that allows up to 75% deduction or the cost of clinical
trials. This allows the development of drugs for rare diseases to be available due
to it being more cost effective.
e. Prophylaxis: To prevent- motion sickness, pregnancy, illness, diseases, etc.
f. Compounding: Customizing a medication to meet a patient’s needs. Customizing
the strength/dose, flavoring a medication, reformulating, changing form of
medication.
g. Rx: prescription that combines more than one ingredient to form the drug.
h. Apothecary: Person in charge of the storehouse (Storehouse-dried plants and
herbs.) Apothecary shop is a system for measuring precise amounts of small
quantities of drugs and herbs.
i. Pharmacopeia: list of all drugs used in apothecary, individual ingredients,
strengths and purity, and how to prepare them. Basically, a drug guide.
j. Legend drugs: Same as a prescription drug.
k. OTC drugs: over the counter drug, can be found in medicine aisles of stores.
l. DEA number: DEA- drug enforcement administration, a pharmacy must have a
DEA certificate and number in order to dispense scheduled drugs.
m. Designer drugs: Created by molecular modification of existing illegal schedule I
or II drug.
2. Describe the 3 medical uses for drugs:
a. preventative
b. diagnose
1
This study source was downloaded by 100000838401522 from CourseHero.com on 03-10-2022 21:24:46 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/57640191/Chp-1-SGdocx/
, Chapter 1 Turley, 5th edition
c. treat
3. State 3 natural sources that drugs are derived from and give an example of each
a. plant- ephedrine; burning of the leaves to treat respiratory ailments
b. animal- Pregnant mares urine; Premarin-female hormone replacement.
c. mineral- herbs, acupuncture, massage, essential oils.
4. Briefly describe the impact of the following drug legislation and agencies:
a. Food and Drugs Act of 1906: First federal drug law that only drugs listed in the
pharmacopeia or national formulary could actually be prescribed.
b. Food and Drug Administration: Weighs inherent risks against its benefits, completes
review process before it issues a final approval or rejection.
c. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938: No longer needed proof of fraud to stop
sales, seize any drug suspected of being toxic, burden of proof was on the drug
companies.
d. Durham-Humphrey Amendment: Defined prescription drugs 1951
e. Kefauver-Harris Amendment: Tightened control on existing prescription drugs and
new drugs. Required that drugs be shown to be safe, effective, and to report
adverse effects-1962
f. Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act: FDA guidelines for herbal
products and dietary supplements 1994
g. Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997- gave authority to
accelerate approval process for certain types of drugs.
h. Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2006:
medicate part D to reduce cost of prescription drugs for senior citizens.
i. FDA Safety and Administration Act: Breakthrough therapy
j. Controlled Substances Act: Divided potentially addictive drugs into five categories or
schedules, based on their potential for physical or psychological dependence, known
as schedule drugs or controlled substances.
k. Drug Enforcement Administration: DEA- regulate the manufacturing and dispensing
of these drugs.
l. Orphan Drug Act: Purpose to facilitate the development of new drugs to treat rare
diseases.
