NURS 485, NRS 410, NURS 1111: Exam 2(Q & A 100%
Verified With Rationale) (Chapter 7, Epidemiology in
Community Health Care) & (Chapter 8, Communicable Disease
Control)
Answer: Pandemic
An instructor is discussing the worldwide
distribution of AIDS. Which term would the
instructor use to describe this situation?
Rationale: Pandemic is the term used to describe an epidemic that is distributed
A) Epidemic worldwide. An epidemic refers to a disease occurrence that clearly exceeds the
B) Pandemic normal or expected frequency in a community or region. Endemic is used to
C) Endemic describe the continuing presence of a disease or infectious agent in a given
D) Pathogenicity geographic area. Pathogenicity refers to an agent's capacity to cause disease in
a host.
After a class describing the contributions of Answer: A sophisticated coding system for medical conditions
Florence Nightingale to epidemiology, the
instructor determines that the class needs
additional instruction when they state which of
the following is associated with Nightingale?
A) Establishment of the need for a clean Rationale: Nightingale's colleague, William Farr, is credited for developing a
environment more sophisticated system for coding medical conditions. Nightingale's
B) A sophisticated coding system for medical contributions included establishing the need for a clean environment, properly
conditions cleaning wounds and bandaging them, and separating infected soldiers from
C) Proper wound cleansing and bandaging those who were injured.
techniques
D) Separation of infected individuals from those
injured
, Answer: host, agent, and environment
When applying the epidemiologic triad model to
a community's plan of care, which of the
following would the community health nurse
address? Rationale: The purpose of this model is to demonstrate the relationship among
host, agent, and environment. Each component has to be present to a certain
A) Incidence, prevalence, and case fatality degree in order for any disease, illness, or injury to exist or happen. If one
B) Health, illness, and injury com ponent is missing, illness or
C) Host, agent, and environment injury will not occur. Incidence, prevalence, case fatality, health, illness, injury,
D) Immunity, causation, and risk immunity, causation, and risk are terms used in epidemiology but do not refer to
the epidemiologic triad model.
,Which of the following would the community Answer: inherent resistance
health nurse identify as a key component of the
host?
A) Infectivity Rationale: The host, a susceptible human or animal, can sometimes have an
B) Antigenicity ability to resist pathogens. This is called inherent resistance. Infectivity,
C) Virulence antigenicity, and virulence arecharacteristics of the agent.
D) Inherent resistance
Answers:
Which of the following statements apply to the -Casuality is the relationship between cause and effect
concept of causality? Select all that apply. -The web of causation theory is the most recent theory of casuality
A) Causality is the relationship between cause - Epidemiology has changed its view of casuality over time
and effect.
B) The chain of causation is the most recent
theory of causality.
C) The web of causation theory is the most recent
theory of causality. D) The chain of causation
clearly explains causation in noninfectious Feedback: Causality is the relationship between cause and effect. The web of
disease. causation theory is the most recent theory of causality. Epidemiology has
E) Epidemiology has changed its view of causality changed its view of causality over time. The chain of causation was the first
over time. theory of causality. The chain of causation could not sufficiently explain
causation in noninfectious disease because the chain of causation is too linear.
A community health nurse is explaining the chain Answer: Portal of entry
of causation to a family that includes a child who
has developed Lyme disease. The nurse correctly
describes the opening in the child's skin caused
by the actual tick bite as the Rationale: The opening in the child's skin caused by the actual tick bite is the
portal of entry in the chain of causation. The mode of transmission would be the
A) reservoir. tick biting the child. The reservoir would refer to the tick. The host would be the
B) mode of transmission. child who has been bitten by the tick.
C) portal of entry.
D) host.
Answer: Lifestyle with its self-created risks
A community health nurse is integrating the
epidemiology of wellness into practice. Which of
the following would the nurse include?
Rationale: Today there is an increased focus on lifestyle behaviors and how they
A) Lifestyle with its self-created risks relate to a person's state of wellness or illness. It is a basic component of a
B) Communicable disease control wellness model. Communicable disease control focuses on an illness state, not
C) The natural history of disease a wellness state, and is not part of a wellness model. The four states of the
D) Vital statistics and reportable diseases natural history of a disease or health condition is not part of the wellness
model. Vital statistics and reportable diseases are not part of the wellness
model.
, Answer: Web of causation
The nurse is examining the possibility that
multiple factors are involved in the development
Rationale: The web of causation is being used to apply the concept of multiple
of a disorder. The nurse is applying which of the
causes to explain the existence of health and illness states. It was a refinement
following?
of the chain of causation, such that it looked at the combination of multiple
factors as implicated in the development of poor outcomes. The chain of
A) Chain of causation
causation focuses on one factor in the development of a condition. The
B) Web of causation
strength of association is an element of causation in noninfectious disease that
C) Strength of association
refers to the ratio of disease rates in those with and without the causal factor.
D) Temporality
Temporality, also involved with the causation of noninfectious disease, is an
element in which the exposure to the suspected factor must precede the onset
of the disease.
The nurse is reviewing a research article that Answer: C ross-immunity
describes the use of the bacille Calmette-Guerin
(BCG) vaccine to prevent tuberculosis that was
given to individuals who were exposed to
leprosy. The individuals did not develop the
leprosy. The nurse interprets this as most Rationale: Cross-immunity refers to a situation in which a person's immunity to
accurately demonstrating which type of one agent provides immunity to a related agent as well. This immunity can be
immunity? active or passive. Herd immunity describes the immunity level present in a
population group. Passive immunity refers to short-term resistance acquired
A) Herd immunity naturally or artificially. Active immunity is long-term and can be acquired
B) Passive immunity naturally or artificially.
C) Cross-immunity
D) Active immunity
The nurse educator knows that a nursing student Answer: active immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines
understands the basics of immunity when the
student nurse states
A) herd immunity only pertains to cows. Rationale: Active immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines. Passive
B) active immunity can be attained via the use of immunity is immunity that is given to a person, either by maternally provided
vaccines. protection for newborn infants or from antibody products that provide
C) passive immunity can be attained via the use temporary resistance. Herd immunity describes the
of vaccines. immunity level that is present in a population group. Cross-immunity is immunity
D) cross-immunity is immunity that causes a that causes a person who is immune to one disease to be also immune to a
person who is immune to one disease to be also related infectious agent.
immune to a completely different infectious
agent.
Verified With Rationale) (Chapter 7, Epidemiology in
Community Health Care) & (Chapter 8, Communicable Disease
Control)
Answer: Pandemic
An instructor is discussing the worldwide
distribution of AIDS. Which term would the
instructor use to describe this situation?
Rationale: Pandemic is the term used to describe an epidemic that is distributed
A) Epidemic worldwide. An epidemic refers to a disease occurrence that clearly exceeds the
B) Pandemic normal or expected frequency in a community or region. Endemic is used to
C) Endemic describe the continuing presence of a disease or infectious agent in a given
D) Pathogenicity geographic area. Pathogenicity refers to an agent's capacity to cause disease in
a host.
After a class describing the contributions of Answer: A sophisticated coding system for medical conditions
Florence Nightingale to epidemiology, the
instructor determines that the class needs
additional instruction when they state which of
the following is associated with Nightingale?
A) Establishment of the need for a clean Rationale: Nightingale's colleague, William Farr, is credited for developing a
environment more sophisticated system for coding medical conditions. Nightingale's
B) A sophisticated coding system for medical contributions included establishing the need for a clean environment, properly
conditions cleaning wounds and bandaging them, and separating infected soldiers from
C) Proper wound cleansing and bandaging those who were injured.
techniques
D) Separation of infected individuals from those
injured
, Answer: host, agent, and environment
When applying the epidemiologic triad model to
a community's plan of care, which of the
following would the community health nurse
address? Rationale: The purpose of this model is to demonstrate the relationship among
host, agent, and environment. Each component has to be present to a certain
A) Incidence, prevalence, and case fatality degree in order for any disease, illness, or injury to exist or happen. If one
B) Health, illness, and injury com ponent is missing, illness or
C) Host, agent, and environment injury will not occur. Incidence, prevalence, case fatality, health, illness, injury,
D) Immunity, causation, and risk immunity, causation, and risk are terms used in epidemiology but do not refer to
the epidemiologic triad model.
,Which of the following would the community Answer: inherent resistance
health nurse identify as a key component of the
host?
A) Infectivity Rationale: The host, a susceptible human or animal, can sometimes have an
B) Antigenicity ability to resist pathogens. This is called inherent resistance. Infectivity,
C) Virulence antigenicity, and virulence arecharacteristics of the agent.
D) Inherent resistance
Answers:
Which of the following statements apply to the -Casuality is the relationship between cause and effect
concept of causality? Select all that apply. -The web of causation theory is the most recent theory of casuality
A) Causality is the relationship between cause - Epidemiology has changed its view of casuality over time
and effect.
B) The chain of causation is the most recent
theory of causality.
C) The web of causation theory is the most recent
theory of causality. D) The chain of causation
clearly explains causation in noninfectious Feedback: Causality is the relationship between cause and effect. The web of
disease. causation theory is the most recent theory of causality. Epidemiology has
E) Epidemiology has changed its view of causality changed its view of causality over time. The chain of causation was the first
over time. theory of causality. The chain of causation could not sufficiently explain
causation in noninfectious disease because the chain of causation is too linear.
A community health nurse is explaining the chain Answer: Portal of entry
of causation to a family that includes a child who
has developed Lyme disease. The nurse correctly
describes the opening in the child's skin caused
by the actual tick bite as the Rationale: The opening in the child's skin caused by the actual tick bite is the
portal of entry in the chain of causation. The mode of transmission would be the
A) reservoir. tick biting the child. The reservoir would refer to the tick. The host would be the
B) mode of transmission. child who has been bitten by the tick.
C) portal of entry.
D) host.
Answer: Lifestyle with its self-created risks
A community health nurse is integrating the
epidemiology of wellness into practice. Which of
the following would the nurse include?
Rationale: Today there is an increased focus on lifestyle behaviors and how they
A) Lifestyle with its self-created risks relate to a person's state of wellness or illness. It is a basic component of a
B) Communicable disease control wellness model. Communicable disease control focuses on an illness state, not
C) The natural history of disease a wellness state, and is not part of a wellness model. The four states of the
D) Vital statistics and reportable diseases natural history of a disease or health condition is not part of the wellness
model. Vital statistics and reportable diseases are not part of the wellness
model.
, Answer: Web of causation
The nurse is examining the possibility that
multiple factors are involved in the development
Rationale: The web of causation is being used to apply the concept of multiple
of a disorder. The nurse is applying which of the
causes to explain the existence of health and illness states. It was a refinement
following?
of the chain of causation, such that it looked at the combination of multiple
factors as implicated in the development of poor outcomes. The chain of
A) Chain of causation
causation focuses on one factor in the development of a condition. The
B) Web of causation
strength of association is an element of causation in noninfectious disease that
C) Strength of association
refers to the ratio of disease rates in those with and without the causal factor.
D) Temporality
Temporality, also involved with the causation of noninfectious disease, is an
element in which the exposure to the suspected factor must precede the onset
of the disease.
The nurse is reviewing a research article that Answer: C ross-immunity
describes the use of the bacille Calmette-Guerin
(BCG) vaccine to prevent tuberculosis that was
given to individuals who were exposed to
leprosy. The individuals did not develop the
leprosy. The nurse interprets this as most Rationale: Cross-immunity refers to a situation in which a person's immunity to
accurately demonstrating which type of one agent provides immunity to a related agent as well. This immunity can be
immunity? active or passive. Herd immunity describes the immunity level present in a
population group. Passive immunity refers to short-term resistance acquired
A) Herd immunity naturally or artificially. Active immunity is long-term and can be acquired
B) Passive immunity naturally or artificially.
C) Cross-immunity
D) Active immunity
The nurse educator knows that a nursing student Answer: active immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines
understands the basics of immunity when the
student nurse states
A) herd immunity only pertains to cows. Rationale: Active immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines. Passive
B) active immunity can be attained via the use of immunity is immunity that is given to a person, either by maternally provided
vaccines. protection for newborn infants or from antibody products that provide
C) passive immunity can be attained via the use temporary resistance. Herd immunity describes the
of vaccines. immunity level that is present in a population group. Cross-immunity is immunity
D) cross-immunity is immunity that causes a that causes a person who is immune to one disease to be also immune to a
person who is immune to one disease to be also related infectious agent.
immune to a completely different infectious
agent.
