NURS 623
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
LYME DISEASE
Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi (B burgdorferi)
Signs and Symptoms:
fever, rash, facial paralysis, and arthritis, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph
nodes
Diagnosis:
The most commonly used is the test. An immunoblot test is done to confirm ELISA results.
Stage 1: Symptoms include: Treatment:
Called “Early localized Lyme A circular rash that may expand over time Doxycycline
disease” and may last for 1 to 4 (erythema migrans), which may also have a Cefuroxime
weeks. bulls-eye appearance Amoxicillin
Flu-like symptoms, such as:
o Fever
o Chills
o Joint and muscle pain
o Stiff neck and headache
o Fatigue
o General feeling of illness
o Swollen lymph glands
Stage 2: Symptoms: can range from mild to severe, or not Treatment:
at all.
Called “Early disseminated Lyme Usually involves a course of oral antibiotics such as:
disease”. o Flu-like symptoms - similar to or worse o azithromycin
, NURS 623
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
than those in Stage 1 o doxycycline - should not be given to:
, NURS 623
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
It may occur weeks to months after o Fever, chills, joint and muscle pain, stiff neck children < eight years of age
infection. and headache nursing or pregnant women.
o Swollen lymph nodes or glands o amoxicillin
o Fatigue o cefuroxime
o Sore throat
o Visual disturbances such as blurry vision o a 10 to 30-day course of IV antibiotics The
o Paralysis or weakness in the face choice of antibiotic depends on the stage of the
o Pain or numbness in the bite area disease and the symptoms.
o Heart palpitations o Common choices include doxycycline,
amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, and
ceftriaxone.
Stage 3: Symptoms: Treatment:
Called “Late Disseminated Lyme Severe headaches
disease”. Arthritis of the large joints (knees, hips, etc.)
Heart arrhythmia
This stage of the disease occurs Brain disturbance including memory loss,
when the infection has not been mood disturbances and sleep interruption
treated during stage 1 or 2. Difficulty concentrating and mental fogginess
Temporary amnesia
It may start months or even years Difficulty following conversations or speaking
after the original tick bite. Numbness or tingling in limbs (arms, legs, feet
or hands)
Extreme fatigue
Temporary paralysis of facial muscles
Stage 4: Symptoms: Treatment:
Called “Late stage or chronic Episodes lasting greater than 6 months
Lyme arthritis”. It is a recurrent Swelling
form of joint inflammation which
may include episodes of severe Redness
arthritis symptoms. The most Fluid buildup
common joint affected is the knee
joint but it may also occur in other
large or small joints as well.
, NURS 623
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
LUPUS
Condition: Description: Signs/Symptoms:
Systemic Lupus (Inside Lupus) o More common in women of childbearing age o Fatigue
o chronic inflammatory disease o Joint aches
o Affects skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, nervous o Myalgia
system, serous membranes o Keratoconjunctitis sicca (eye)
o Photosensitivity
o Butterfly rash
o Macular rash
o Thrombocytopenia
o Gastritis
o Ulcers
Discoid lupus (outside lupus): o Just involves skin o Patches on skin
o Characterized as production of antinuclear
antibodies REFER THESE PATIENTS
Diagnosis:
ANA + titer (1:160 or higher)
JOINT AFFECTED
Condition: Signs/Symptoms:
RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis): Info: Pain
More women than men get rheumatoid arthritis. Swelling
It often starts in middle age and is most common Stiffness
in older people. A patient might have the disease loss of function in joints
for only a short time, or symptoms might come
and go. The severe form can last a lifetime. It can affect any joint but is common in the wrist
and fingers.
RA can affect body parts besides joints, such as
eyes, mouth and lungs. RA is an autoimmune
disease, which means the arthritis results from
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
LYME DISEASE
Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi (B burgdorferi)
Signs and Symptoms:
fever, rash, facial paralysis, and arthritis, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph
nodes
Diagnosis:
The most commonly used is the test. An immunoblot test is done to confirm ELISA results.
Stage 1: Symptoms include: Treatment:
Called “Early localized Lyme A circular rash that may expand over time Doxycycline
disease” and may last for 1 to 4 (erythema migrans), which may also have a Cefuroxime
weeks. bulls-eye appearance Amoxicillin
Flu-like symptoms, such as:
o Fever
o Chills
o Joint and muscle pain
o Stiff neck and headache
o Fatigue
o General feeling of illness
o Swollen lymph glands
Stage 2: Symptoms: can range from mild to severe, or not Treatment:
at all.
Called “Early disseminated Lyme Usually involves a course of oral antibiotics such as:
disease”. o Flu-like symptoms - similar to or worse o azithromycin
, NURS 623
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
than those in Stage 1 o doxycycline - should not be given to:
, NURS 623
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
It may occur weeks to months after o Fever, chills, joint and muscle pain, stiff neck children < eight years of age
infection. and headache nursing or pregnant women.
o Swollen lymph nodes or glands o amoxicillin
o Fatigue o cefuroxime
o Sore throat
o Visual disturbances such as blurry vision o a 10 to 30-day course of IV antibiotics The
o Paralysis or weakness in the face choice of antibiotic depends on the stage of the
o Pain or numbness in the bite area disease and the symptoms.
o Heart palpitations o Common choices include doxycycline,
amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, and
ceftriaxone.
Stage 3: Symptoms: Treatment:
Called “Late Disseminated Lyme Severe headaches
disease”. Arthritis of the large joints (knees, hips, etc.)
Heart arrhythmia
This stage of the disease occurs Brain disturbance including memory loss,
when the infection has not been mood disturbances and sleep interruption
treated during stage 1 or 2. Difficulty concentrating and mental fogginess
Temporary amnesia
It may start months or even years Difficulty following conversations or speaking
after the original tick bite. Numbness or tingling in limbs (arms, legs, feet
or hands)
Extreme fatigue
Temporary paralysis of facial muscles
Stage 4: Symptoms: Treatment:
Called “Late stage or chronic Episodes lasting greater than 6 months
Lyme arthritis”. It is a recurrent Swelling
form of joint inflammation which
may include episodes of severe Redness
arthritis symptoms. The most Fluid buildup
common joint affected is the knee
joint but it may also occur in other
large or small joints as well.
, NURS 623
Adult II – Test One (Cary Review)
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
LUPUS
Condition: Description: Signs/Symptoms:
Systemic Lupus (Inside Lupus) o More common in women of childbearing age o Fatigue
o chronic inflammatory disease o Joint aches
o Affects skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, nervous o Myalgia
system, serous membranes o Keratoconjunctitis sicca (eye)
o Photosensitivity
o Butterfly rash
o Macular rash
o Thrombocytopenia
o Gastritis
o Ulcers
Discoid lupus (outside lupus): o Just involves skin o Patches on skin
o Characterized as production of antinuclear
antibodies REFER THESE PATIENTS
Diagnosis:
ANA + titer (1:160 or higher)
JOINT AFFECTED
Condition: Signs/Symptoms:
RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis): Info: Pain
More women than men get rheumatoid arthritis. Swelling
It often starts in middle age and is most common Stiffness
in older people. A patient might have the disease loss of function in joints
for only a short time, or symptoms might come
and go. The severe form can last a lifetime. It can affect any joint but is common in the wrist
and fingers.
RA can affect body parts besides joints, such as
eyes, mouth and lungs. RA is an autoimmune
disease, which means the arthritis results from
