Sophia - Environmental Science - Unit 2 Challenge 3. 2022 EXAM PACK

Sophia - Environmental Science - Unit 2 Challenge 3. 1 — Photosynthesis and the Carbon Cycle Determine how carbon is cycled between plants and animals. How is carbon cycled between plants and animals? • a.) Dying organisms consume oil and coal. • b.) An animal eats a plant, then absorbs and exhales the carbon, which is then absorbed by other plants during photosynthesis. • c.) Plants use oxygen combined with sugar, to create water and carbon in order to grow. • d.) Plants release carbon in the form of a gas called carbon dioxide. 2 — Water and Nitrogen Cycles Recognize key aspects of the nitrogen cycle. __________ is an atmospheric gas that is an important biological compound, but it must be fixed to be usable by life forms. Microorganisms that can do this are housed in the __________ of certain plants, such as clover and peanuts. • a.) Carbon dioxide; seeds • b.) Nitrogen; roots • c.) Nitrogen; stems • d.) Carbon dioxide; leaves 3 — The Role of Individual Species Differentiate between the intrinsic value of a species and the value for the ecosystem services it provides. Species can be valued for their ecosystem services or intrinsic value. Which of the following statements values species for their intrinsic value? • a.) An elementary school class takes a field trip to a pond to study its frog population. • b.) Chickens should not have to live their lives trapped in a cage. • c.) Paula volunteered to help plant trees in her city to help regulate air quality. • d.) Alberto uses alpaca wool to knit sweaters because customers demand its quality. 4 — Conservation Biology & Restoration Ecology Identify key aspects of conservation biology and restoration ecology. Which of the following is the main goal of restoration ecology? • a.) Determine ways to address habitat needs of the species with minimal human involvement • b.) Determine ways to conserve biodiversity • c.) Determine ways to restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems. • d.) Determine ways photosynthesis interacts with parasites 5 — Overexploitation Recognize different types of overexploitation. Which of the following sentences does NOT describe overexploitation? • a.) If current logging rates continue, all of the world’s rainforests will be gone in 100 years. • b.) Rosemary is harvested by the ton in Morocco; once cut, rosemary grows back twice as lush. • c.) The sustainable annual limit for tuna is 7,500 tons; the fishing industry harvests 60,000 tons. • d.) Some types of turtles are collected and sold as pets faster than they are able to reproduce. 6 — Endangered Species Determine key aspects of identifying and protecting endangered species. Which of the following statements is considered a challenge to protecting endangered species? • a.) Legislation does not exist in the United States to protect species identified as endangered. • b.) The animal's habitat may be unknown. • c.) Overemphasis on endangered ecosystems. • d.) Scientist focus on one species and not the entire ecosystem. 7 — Forests and Deforestation Identify the negative impacts of deforestation and efforts to sustain forests. Which of the following is an effort to lessen the negative impacts of deforestation? • a.) Fewer educational programs • b.) Establish nature preserves • c.) Cutting trees • d.) Deregulation of logging practices 8 — Habitat Fragmentation Determine the possible outcomes of habitat fragmentation. A large section of tropical rainforest is cleared to build roads for mining. Select the least likely outcome of this habitat fragmentation from the options below. • a.) Species will quickly adapt and re-populate the area. • b.) The environment on the habitat edges will support different plants and animals. • c.) Subpopulations of species may emerge. • d.) Species that require open grazing areas may not survive.