Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Review
Why are nitrate-free periods every 24 hours necessary for the patient on nitroglycerin
therapy? Correct answer- To inhibit the development of tolerance
What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? Correct answer-
Hyperthroidism
What would be the best option to treat a newly diagnosed patient with a low TSH level
with? Correct answer- Propanolol (Inderal)
Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? Correct answer-
Aldosterone antagonist
Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? Correct answer- Upregulating the activity
of one of the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III
What physiologic action happens when the offending drug is administered during an
anaphylactic reaction. Correct answer- Mast cells liberate large doses of histamine.
What are two systemic psoriasis medications? Correct answer- Photo-therapy and
topical corticosteroids
What is the first choice of drug therapy for the majority of patients with uncomplicated
stage I hypertension? Correct answer- Thiazide diuretics
What is the effect of cardiac glycosides? Correct answer- Digitalis glycosides have a
negative chronotropic effect on the cardiac muscle cells.
Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? Correct
answer- Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
What is an anti-hypertensive agent which competes with epinephrine for available beta-
receptor sites? Correct answer- Atenolol (Tenormin)
What type of action does nitrates have on the body? Correct answer- Reduction in
systemic venous tone.
What is the recommended level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for patients
with known coronary artery disease? Correct answer- 100mg/dl or less.
, What is the MOA of group IV anti-dysrhythmia drugs? Correct answer- Depressing
phase 4 depolarization and lengthening phases 1 and 2 repolarization.
Which drug therapy should be used to lower the serum concentration of thyroid
hormones and re-establish eumetabolic state in a patient with Graves' disease? Correct
answer- Anti-thyroid drugs.
Which type of diuretic would be used for a stage I hypertension in a patient with renal
insufficiency? Correct answer- Loop diuretic.
What drug should be considered as first-line therapy for a client with hypertension and
heart failure? Correct answer- Enalapril (Vasotec)
Which drug is considered safe for hypertension treatment during pregnancy? Correct
answer- Methyldopa (Aldomet)
What drug will reduce afterload because it is an alpha-adrenergic blocker? Correct
answer- Prazosin (Minipress)
What is an expected effect of the use of a beta-adrenergic blocker to control angina?
Correct answer- Reduced force of cardiac contraction.
What side effect should be monitored closely in the elderly when taking Metformin
(Glucophage) for type 2 diabetes? Correct answer- Lactic acidosis.
What is the primary role of cytochrome p-450 in the liver? Correct answer- Deactivate
and detoxify medications and other substances.
What is a component of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors? Correct answer-
Prothrombin
How are IV morphine and nitroglycerin beneficial in acute heart failure? Correct answer-
Decrease preload.
What is the purpose of administering a vasodilating drug to a patient in heart failure?
Correct answer- Decrease afterload.
What are some contrindications for HMG-co A reductase inhibitors (statins)? Correct
answer- They cause myopathies, especially at higher doses or in combination with
certain drugs. They should never be used in patients taking Warfarin (Coumadin).
Which drug can reduce serum LDL the most in patients with hyperlipidemia? Correct
answer- Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Which drug is contrindicated in a patient with Myasthena Gravis? Correct answer-
Procainamide (Pronestyl).
Review
Why are nitrate-free periods every 24 hours necessary for the patient on nitroglycerin
therapy? Correct answer- To inhibit the development of tolerance
What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? Correct answer-
Hyperthroidism
What would be the best option to treat a newly diagnosed patient with a low TSH level
with? Correct answer- Propanolol (Inderal)
Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? Correct answer-
Aldosterone antagonist
Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? Correct answer- Upregulating the activity
of one of the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III
What physiologic action happens when the offending drug is administered during an
anaphylactic reaction. Correct answer- Mast cells liberate large doses of histamine.
What are two systemic psoriasis medications? Correct answer- Photo-therapy and
topical corticosteroids
What is the first choice of drug therapy for the majority of patients with uncomplicated
stage I hypertension? Correct answer- Thiazide diuretics
What is the effect of cardiac glycosides? Correct answer- Digitalis glycosides have a
negative chronotropic effect on the cardiac muscle cells.
Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? Correct
answer- Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
What is an anti-hypertensive agent which competes with epinephrine for available beta-
receptor sites? Correct answer- Atenolol (Tenormin)
What type of action does nitrates have on the body? Correct answer- Reduction in
systemic venous tone.
What is the recommended level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for patients
with known coronary artery disease? Correct answer- 100mg/dl or less.
, What is the MOA of group IV anti-dysrhythmia drugs? Correct answer- Depressing
phase 4 depolarization and lengthening phases 1 and 2 repolarization.
Which drug therapy should be used to lower the serum concentration of thyroid
hormones and re-establish eumetabolic state in a patient with Graves' disease? Correct
answer- Anti-thyroid drugs.
Which type of diuretic would be used for a stage I hypertension in a patient with renal
insufficiency? Correct answer- Loop diuretic.
What drug should be considered as first-line therapy for a client with hypertension and
heart failure? Correct answer- Enalapril (Vasotec)
Which drug is considered safe for hypertension treatment during pregnancy? Correct
answer- Methyldopa (Aldomet)
What drug will reduce afterload because it is an alpha-adrenergic blocker? Correct
answer- Prazosin (Minipress)
What is an expected effect of the use of a beta-adrenergic blocker to control angina?
Correct answer- Reduced force of cardiac contraction.
What side effect should be monitored closely in the elderly when taking Metformin
(Glucophage) for type 2 diabetes? Correct answer- Lactic acidosis.
What is the primary role of cytochrome p-450 in the liver? Correct answer- Deactivate
and detoxify medications and other substances.
What is a component of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors? Correct answer-
Prothrombin
How are IV morphine and nitroglycerin beneficial in acute heart failure? Correct answer-
Decrease preload.
What is the purpose of administering a vasodilating drug to a patient in heart failure?
Correct answer- Decrease afterload.
What are some contrindications for HMG-co A reductase inhibitors (statins)? Correct
answer- They cause myopathies, especially at higher doses or in combination with
certain drugs. They should never be used in patients taking Warfarin (Coumadin).
Which drug can reduce serum LDL the most in patients with hyperlipidemia? Correct
answer- Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Which drug is contrindicated in a patient with Myasthena Gravis? Correct answer-
Procainamide (Pronestyl).
