AMU BIOL 251 QUIZ 1.

AMU BIOL 251 QUIZ 1. Which of the following statements about insulin is true? A. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. B. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. C. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. D. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream. E. Two of the above are true statements. The parathyroid glands are small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood levels. A. calcium B. adrenalin C. potassium D. thyroid hormone E. insulin What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? A. follicle cells B. oxyphil cells C. chromaffin cells D. beta cells E. neuroglial cells Hormones produced and released from sex organs include which of the following? A. estrogen and progesterone B. testosterone C. inhibin D. FSH and LH E. A, B, and C are all correct The hormones of the human body can be divided into which of the following major group(s)? A. Sex hormones B. CNS hormones C. Hormones derived from amino acids D. Hormones derived from lipids E. C and D above are correct. The signaling done by the endocrine system is accomplished by the use of chemicals called _. A. electrons B. hormones C. electrical signals D. transmitters E. action potentials Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? A. increased bone deposition B. fractures C. convulsions D. low blood calcium levels E. All of the above are true. One of the major functions of the adrenal glands is to respond to . A. pain B. hunger and thirst C. light and dark D. stress E. low insulin levels The primary hormones produced by the ovaries are . A. Progesterone B. Prolactin C. Estrogen D. FSH and LH E. Testosterone The hormones of the human body can be divided into which of the following major group(s)? A. Sex hormones B. CNS hormones C. Hormones derived from amino acids D. Hormones derived from lipids E. C and D above are correct. The development of a goiter indicates that . A. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged B. there is hypertrophy of the thyroid’s follicle cells C. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles D. the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone E. Both B and C are correct. Hormones regulate certain target cell responses. These can include which of the following? A. Sexual function B. Metabolism C. All of the above are correct. D. Fluid balance E. Growth and development of tissue The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex of tissue and an inner medulla of tissue. A. glandular; connective B. fibrous; glandular C. glandular; nervous D. glandular; lymphoid E. nervous; fibrous The gonads produce what class of hormones? A. neurotransmitters B. amine hormones C. catecholamines D. peptide hormones E. steroid hormones The nervous system uses which of the following types of intercellular communication? A. Electrical and chemical B. Direct and chemical C. Electrical and hormonal D. Hormonal and chemical E. Direct and hormonal The two major organ systems that participate in relatively “long distance” communication in order to control and coordinate actions in the body are the system and the system. A. Skeletal; muscular B. Muscular; integumentary C. Nervous; endocrine D. Cardiovascular; endocrine E. Muscular; nervous In contrast to the nervous system, the endocrine system uses only one method of communication: signaling. A. electrical B. “hard wired” C. chemical D. transmitter E. direct Hormones produced and released from sex organs include which of the following? A. estrogen and progesterone B. testosterone C. inhibin D. FSH and LH E. A, B, and C are all correct The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to . A. prepare the breasts for lactation B. nourish the placenta C. regulate the menstrual cycle D. help the placenta to mature E. All of the above are true. Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? A. It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. B. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. C. It manufactures three hormones. D. It is controlled by the anterior part of the pituitary gland. E. All of the above are true. How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? A. 1 B. 0 C. 6 D. 3 E. 2 The female’s uterus secretes the following hormone: A. Estrogen B. FSH C. Progesterone D. hPL E. None The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete . A. insulin B. glucagon C. epinephrine D. betagen E. Both A and B Cushing’s disease is a disorder caused by _. A. abnormally high levels of aldosterone B. abnormally low levels of cortisol C. abnormally high levels of epinephrine D. abnormally low levels of aldosterone E. abnormally high levels of cortisol The adrenal glands are wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to the top of the . A. hypothalamus B. thyroid gland C. liver D. spleen E. kidneys The parathyroid glands are tiny, round structures usually found embedded in the posterior surface of the . A. Pancreas B. Adrenal glands C. Thyroid gland D. Pituitary gland E. Hypothalamus The alpha cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete . A. insulin B. glucagon C. epinephrine D. alphagen E. All of the above Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct? A. Regional anatomy is the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region B. Systemic anatomy is the study of the structures that make up a discrete body system. C. Your study of anatomy and physiology will make more sense if you continually relate the form of the structures you are studying to their function. D. Like most scientific disciplines, anatomy has areas of specialization. E. All of the above statements are true. Which general type of hormone can easily pass through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm of the cell? A. Water-soluble hormones B. Protein hormones C. Lipid-soluble hormones D. Pituitary hormones Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, development, growth and reproduction all together are called of a human body. A. anabolism B. structures C. functions D. catabolism E. anatomy The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane) contains which of the following molecules? A. proteins B. cholesterol C. phospholipids D. glycoproteins E. All of the above Human sex cells (sperm or egg) contain chromosomes. All other cells contain chromosomes. A. 25; 50 B. 30; 60 C. 23; 46 D. 22; 44 E. 24; 48 Which of the following bones is part of the Appendicular Skeleton? A. Sternum B. Vertebra C. Scapula D. Rib E. Sacrum Tendons are a type of fibrous connective tissue. What do tendons connect to bones? A. Muscles B. Other bones C. Marrow D. Organs E. Fibroblasts Which structures of cardiac muscle allows the cells to contract in waves so the heart can work as a pump? A. Intercalated discs B. Desmosome C. Syncytium D. Gap junction The functional unit of a muscle fiber is called what? A. Sarcomere B. Sarcolemma C. Sartorius D. Sarcophagus E. Sarcoplasmic reticulum If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to? A. light B. sound C. molecules D. vibration E. Both C and D are correct. Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell? A. Axon B. Cell body C. Dendrites D. Soma Almost all of the liver of a human being is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant? A. Left lower quadrant (LLQ) B. Left upper quadrant (LUQ) C. Epigastric quadrant D. Right lower quadrant (RLQ) E. Right upper quadrant (RUQ) A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an . A. organ system B. organism C. organ D. organelle E. specific tissue The molecules which store the genetic instructions of an organism is . A. RNA B. Histone C. ATP D. DNA E. ADP A is a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is called the “energy transformer” of the cell. A. Ribosome B. Mitochondrion C. Nucleus D. Nucleolus E. Golgi apparatus What type of cells makes up cartilage? A. Osteoclasts B. Chondrocytes C. Chondrolacunae D. Osteocytes E. Trabeculae Which of the following is a critical result of bone recycling (remodeling)? A. Carbon homeostasis B. Calcium homeostasis C. Sodium homeostasis D. Nitrogen homeostasis Slow oxidative (SO) muscle fibers: A. Use primarily aerobic respiration B. May fatigue more quickly than fast glycolic and fast oxidative fibers C. Are intermediate types between fast glycolic and fast oxidative fibers D. Use primarily anaerobic glycolysis E. Do not produce ATP Stage one of GAS is called the alarm reaction. This is short-term stress, the fight-or-flight response, mediated by the hormones and from the adrenal medulla. A. Testosterone; estrogen B. Cortisol; hydrocortisone C. Insulin; glucagon D. Epinephrine; norepinephrine E. Aldosterone; angiotensin A muscle-forming stem cell is called a what? A. Myoblast B. Mesodermal cell C. Myotube D. Somite E. Satellite cell A synapse is the location where the axon of a neuron connect with another neuron or a muscle fiber. The following characteristic(s) are always present in chemical synapses: A. presynaptic element B. neurotransmitter (packaged in vesicles) C. synaptic cleft D. receptor proteins E. All the above are present. The division of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord is the nervous system. A. parasympathetic B. central C. peripheral D. autonomic E. sympathetic Which of the following statements is true? A. Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body’s structures. B. Gross anatomy is the study of the larger structures of the body. C. C. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices. D. Human physiology is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and how they work together to support the functions of life. E. All of the above statements are true. The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the . A. cardiovascular system B. gastrointestinal system C. skeletal system D. endocrine system E. muscular system DNA, and the genes found on the strands of DNA, contain information necessary for synthesizing which type of material? A. ATP B. DNA C. carbohydrates D. glucose E. proteins Where can osteocytes be found within compact bone? A. Cartilage B. Sinuses C. Lacunae D. Fibrous connective tissue E. Foramen magnum Varying degrees of contractive force in a skeletal muscle are generated through the process of what? A. Tetanus B. Contraction phase C. Muscle twitch D. Motor unit recruitment E. Motor unit suppression The ability of an organism to adjust to changes in either its internal or external environments is called . A. movement B. growth C. homeostasis D. responsiveness E. development