NURS-Medical-Surgical Drugs EAQ

Medical-Surgical Drugs EAQA client will be taking nitrofurantoin 50 mg orally every evening at home to manage recurrent urinary tract infections. What instructions should the nurse give to the client? Increase the intake of fluids. Strain the urine for crystals and stones. Stop the drug if urinary output increases. Maintain the exact time schedule for taking the drug. A client who had a myocardial infarction receives a prescription for a nitroglycerin patch. What does the nurse identify as the purpose of the nitroglycerin patch? Decreased heart rate lowers cardiac output. Increased cardiac output increases oxygen demand. Decreased cardiac preload reduces cardiac workload. Peripheral venous and arterial constriction increases peripheral resistance. A healthcare provider prescribes enalapril for a client. Which is the most important nursing action? Assess the client for hypokalemia. Ensure that the medication is ingested with food. Monitor the client's blood pressure during therapy. Teach that a missed dose can be doubled at the next scheduled time. An older adult client who has type 1 diabetes and chronic bronchitis is prescribed atenolol for the management of angina pectoris. Which clinical manifestation should alert the nurse to the fact that the client may be developing a life-threatening response to the drug? Difficulty breathing Increased pulse rate Orthostatic hypotension Increased blood glucose A nurse administers two units of packed red blood cells ([RBCs] 250 mL each), followed by 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. How much total solution (blood and sodium chloride) has infused? Record your answer as a whole number. 1000mL A nurse identifies signs of electrolyte depletion in a client with heart failure who is receiving bumetanide and digoxin. What does the nurse determine is the cause of the depletion? Diuretic therapy Sodium restriction Continuous dyspnea Inadequate oral intake A healthcare provider orders heparin 6000 units subcutaneously daily. The pharmacy dispenses a vial containing 10,000 units per milliliter. How many milliliters of heparin should the nurse administer? Include a leading zero if applicable. Record your answer using one decimal place. 0.6mL A client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being treated with antacid therapy. When teaching the client about the therapy, what does the nurse reinforce? Antacids should be taken 1 hour before meals. These should be scheduled at 4-hour intervals. Antacid tablets are just as fast and effective as the liquid form. Antacids commonly interfere with the absorption of other drugs. A client asks a nurse why captopril was prescribed. What specific drug classification should the nurse include in the explanation to the client? Diuretic Sedative Hypnotic Antihypertensive During the administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), an assessment of the client reveals a bounding pulse, distended jugular veins, dyspnea, and cough. What is the priority nursing intervention? Restart the client's infusion at another site. Slow the rate of the client's infusion of the TPN. Interrupt the client's infusion and notify the healthcare provider. Obtain the vital signs and continue monitoring the client's status. The healthcare provider’s prescription for intravenous fluid states that the client is to receive 1 L of fluid every 8 hours. If the equipment delivers 15 drops/mL, at what rate should the nurse regulate the flow? Record your answer using a whole number. 31 drops/minute A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The health care provider's prescriptions include nothing by mouth and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse explains that the TPN therapy provides what benefit? Is the easiest method for administering needed nutrition Is the safest method for meeting the client's nutritional requirements Will satisfy the client's hunger without the discomfort associated with eating Will meet the client's nutritional needs without causing the discomfort precipitated by eating A client with midsternal pain presents to the emergency department. Vital signs are stable. Which form of nitroglycerin does the nurse anticipate giving initially? Oral Spray Intravenous Transdermal Which information should be included in the teaching plan for the elderly client with peptic ulcer disease who is taking an antacid and sucralfate? Antacids should be taken 30 minutes before a meal. Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach one hour before meals. Sucralfate is prescribed for the long-term maintenance of peptic ulcer disease. Sodium bicarbonate is an inexpensive over-the-counter antacid with few adverse effects. A client with irritable bowel syndrome has instructions to take psyllium 2 rounded teaspoons full twice a day for constipation. What is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan? Urine may be discolored. Stop taking the laxative once a bowel movement occurs. Each dose should be taken with a full glass of water or juice. Daily use may inhibit the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins. A nurse is preparing a client for discharge from the emergency department. Which client statement provides evidence that the client understands the instructions for the prescribed highdose ampicillin? "I should take this medication with meals." "I can stop taking this medication when I feel better." "I will miss eating my yogurt while taking this medication." "I must increase my intake of fluids while taking this medication." A healthcare provider prescribes famotidine and magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide antacid for a client with a peptic ulcer. The nurse should teach the client to take the antacid at what time? Only at bedtime, when famotidine is not taken Only if famotidine is ineffective At the same time as famotidine, with a full glass of water One hour before or 2 hours after famotidine A client with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites has been taking chlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic. Why did the provider add spironolactone to the client’s medication regimen? To stimulate sodium excretion To help prevent potassium loss To increase urine specific gravity To reduce arterial blood pressure A client will be discharged with a peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) for administration of peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN). What would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's discharge teaching? Learning how to change the percutaneous catheter Determining which days to self-administer the PPN solution Arranging for professional help to monitor the alternative nutrition Scheduling administration of the PPN solution around mealtimes The healthcare provider prescribes 7500 units erythropoietin to be administered subcutaneously weekly. The vial reads 10,000 units per milliliter. How much erythropoietin will the nurse give for each weekly dose? Include a leading zero if applicable. Record your answer using two decimal places. 0.75mL The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who presented to the emergency room for an acute asthma attack. The nurse notes that upon discharge the healthcare provider has prescribed theophylline 300 mg orally to be taken daily at 9:00 AM. The nurse will teach the client to take the medication on which schedule? With a meal Only at bedtime At a specific time prescribed Until symptoms are gone A client is scheduled to receive intravenous (IV) fluids to be delivered at 80 mL/hr. To adjust the drip rate when administering the IV via gravity, what must the nurse determine? Total volume of fluid in the IV bag Size of the needle or catheter in the vein Drops per milliliter delivered by the infusion set Diameter of the tubing being used to instill the fluid A client with chronic liver disease reports, "My gums have been bleeding spontaneously." The nurse identifies small hemorrhagic lesions on the client's face. The nurse concludes that the client needs which additional supplement? Bile salts Folic acid Vitamin A Vitamin K A client who has a gastric ulcer asks what to do if epigastric pain occurs. The nurse evaluates that teaching is effective when the client makes which statement? "Eliminating fluids with meals will prevent pain." "I will increase my food intake to avoid an empty stomach." "Taking an aspirin with milk will relieve my pain and coat my ulcer." "Taking an antacid preparation will decrease pain due to gastric acid." A client with hepatitis B asks the nurse, "Are there any medications to help me get rid of this problem?" Which is the best response by the nurse? "Sedatives can be given to help you relax." "We can give you immune serum globulin." "Vitamin supplements are frequently helpful and hasten recovery." "There are medications to help reduce viral load and liver inflammation." A client admitted for uncontrolled hypertension and chest pain was prescribed a low-sodium diet and started on furosemide. The nurse should instruct the client to include which foods in the diet? Liver Apples Cabbage Bananas A nurse teaches a client who is scheduled for a kidney transplant about the need for immunosuppressive medications. The nurse determines that the client understands the teaching when the client states that medications must be taken for what period of time? "For the rest of my life." "Until the surgery is over." "Until the surgery heals." "During the intraoperative period." After surgery, a client received a prescription for 8 mg of morphine sulfate to be given by injection. The vial on hand is labeled 1 mL = 10 mg. How much solution should the nurse administer? Record your answer using one decimal place and include a leading zero if applicable. 0.8mL A client is admitted to the emergency department with burns to the anterior trunk, entire right arm, and anterior right leg. The practitioner prescribes morphine sulfate for pain. What route of administration should the nurse expect to administer this medication? Orally Intravenously Subcutaneously Intramuscularly The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who is scheduled to receive an intravenous (IV) administration of 25 units of insulin in 250 mL normal saline. What does the nurse recognize as the only type of insulin that is compatible with intravenous solutions? NPH insulin Insulin lispro Regular insulin Insulin glargine Which assessment should the nurse obtain before administering digoxin to a client? Apical heart rate Radial pulse on the left side Radial pulse in both right and left arms Difference between apical and radial pulses A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after extensive colon surgery. The nurse concludes that the client understands teaching about the purpose of TPN when the client makes which statement? "TPN provides supplemental nutrition." "TPN provides short-term nutrition after surgery." "TPN provides total nutrition when gastrointestinal function is questionable." "TPN assists people who are unable to eat but have active gastrointestinal function." A client with a head injury has been receiving dexamethasone. The health care provider plans to reduce the dosage gradually and to continue a lower maintenance dosage. Which effect associated with the gradual dosage reduction of the drug should the nurse explain to the client? Builds glycogen stores in the muscles Produces antibodies by the immune system Allows the increased intracranial pressure to return to normal Promotes return of cortisone production by the adrenal glands When taking the blood pressure of a client who had a thyroidectomy, the nurse identifies that the client is pale and has spasms of the hand. The nurse notifies the health care provider. Which should the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe? Calcium Magnesium Bicarbonate Potassium chloride What is the maximum length of time a nurse should allow an intravenous bag of solution to infuse? 6 hours 12 hours 18 hours 24 hours A nurse gave a client the prescribed sodium polystyrene sulfonate. What assessment finding indicates that the drug has been effective? The presence of diarrhea A narrowing of the QRS complex An increase in serum calcium level A decrease in serum potassium level A client receiving intravenous vancomycin reports ringing in both ears. Which initial action should the nurse take? Notify the primary healthcare provider. Consult an audiologist. Stop the infusion. Document the finding and continue to monitor the client. A client with burns develops a wound infection. The nurse plans to teach the client that local wound infections primarily are treated with what type of antibiotics? Oral Topical Intravenous Intramuscular A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving serum albumin. What indicates that the albumin is effective? Improved clotting of blood Formation of red blood cells Activation of white blood cells (WBCs) Effective cardiac output A healthcare provider prescribes 20 mEq potassium chloride to be given to a client over an 8-hour period by IV drip in 1000 mL of D5W. The IV equipment is calibrated at 10 drops per milliliter. At how many drops per minute should the nurse regulate the IV? Record your answer using a whole number. 21 drops/min Which nursing interventions are important when caring for clients receiving IV digoxin? Select all that apply. Monitor the heart rate closely Check the blood levels of digoxin Administer the dose over 1 minute Monitor the serum potassium level Give the drug with other infusing medications A client is receiving an antihypertensive drug intravenously for control of severe hypertension. The client's blood pressure is 160/94 mm Hg before the infusion. Fifteen minutes after the infusion is started, the blood pressure increases to 180/100 mm Hg. Which type of response is the client demonstrating? Allergic Synergistic Paradoxical Hypersusceptibility A client has been given a prescription for furosemide 40 mg every day in conjunction with digoxin. What would prompt the nurse to ask the provider about potassium supplements? Digoxin causes significant potassium depletion. The liver destroys potassium as digoxin is detoxified. Lasix requires adequate serum potassium to promote diuresis. Digoxin toxicity occurs rapidly in the presence of hypokalemia. A client is to receive 2000 mL of intravenous (IV) fluid in 12 hours. At what rate should the nurse set the electronic infusion control device? Record your answer using a whole number. 167 mL/hr A client with type 1 diabetes comes to the clinic because of concerns regarding erratic control of blood glucose with the prescribed insulin therapy. The client has been experiencing a sudden fall in the blood glucose level, followed by a sudden episode of hyperglycemia. Which complication of insulin therapy should the nurse conclude that the client is experiencing? Somogyi effect Dawn phenomenon Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome A client is experiencing both tingling of the extremities and tetany. What should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed by the healthcare provider? Dialysis Calcium supplements Mechanical ventilation Intravenous fluids with potassium A child is to receive 60 mg of phenytoin. The medication is available as an oral suspension that contains 125 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer? Record your answer using one decimal place. 2.4mL A client is to receive 125 mL of intravenous (IV) fluid every h