PYC2602 (Child & Adolscent
development) Summary pack
Welcome to PYC2602 summary pack
This pack has been designed with you, a fellow student in mind. We have
included the following tools to assist you and make your life a little easier
during those really hectic exam periods.
This pack includes:
Study schedule
Chapter by chapter recap
Really take advantage of this pack by joining us at one of our free study
groups. Go to www.sociallearning.co.za for more information.
We cover the following section in this exam strategy pack:
Studying a child’s world
A child’s world: how we discover it
Forming a new life
Pregnancy and prenatal development
Birth and the new-born baby
Cognitive development during the first three years
Psychosocial development during the first three years
cognitive development in early childhood
psychosocial development in early childhood
physical development and health in middle childhood
(6-12years)
psychosocial development in middle childhood
physical development and health in adolescence
cognitive development in adolescence
psychosocial development in adolescence
,The summary comes from A Child's World: Infancy through adolescence by
Papalia, D.E., Olds, S.W., & Feldman, R.D.
Please note: This summary pack has been designed to assist you during
your examination preparation and should be used in conjunction with your
study guide and textbook.
, Some simple strategies to assist you in becoming
an extra- ordinary student
Defining your vision and planning for success
Make sure that you are clear about why you are studying. Without a clear
destination of where you are heading, you will not know when you have
arrived. Defining your vision for your life and your studies is not a one-off
activity at the beginning of a three or four year degree, but an on-going
reflection of the horizon.
The next step is to schedule realistic study time. The aim of a study schedule is
to map out how much time you can dedicate to your studies. Try breaking
your study sessions into easy bite-sized sessions with breaks in between of
no longer than 10-15 minutes.
Make sure you maximise your time with minimum distractions. As Oprah
says, "Doing the best in this moment puts you in the best position for the
next moment"
Strategy number 2: Be flexible
As Mama Glow author Latham Thomas says, "Don't victimise yourself. Learn
to shift from "Woe is me" to "Wow is me!"."
Planning for success comes with its challenges, especially when the
unexpected happens. Instead of boarding the sympathy train, deal with
the situation then and there, and move on. By implementing flexibility in
your schedule, you have created room for life to happen, without
jeopardising your vision.
Strategy number 3: Connect with others
We all think we can do it alone, but honestly, we can't. We need others, not only
for moral support, but also to help us study. Take the time to get to know
others in your classes, or if you are studying through correspondence, ask
the lectures to link you with students doing the same module, or join an
established study group.
Connecting with the right study partners gives you motivation and drive
to complete assignments, and moves your performance from average to
extra-ordinary.
Strategy number 4: Schedule in your 30-second dance parties
Celebrate all your achievements, regardless of how small or big they are.
Complete a chapter, a theory, a topic with a 30 second dance party. Get
up and celebrate – move your body. This promotes your self-confidence
and boosts your motivation to get on to the next piece of work. Also give
yourself a break when you can’t get through something. Each piece of
work has its own challenges
, CHAPTER 1: STUDYING A CHILD’S WORLD
The Study of Development: Then and Now
Child development focuses on the scientific study of processes of change
and stability in human children.
Developmental scientists study two kinds of change: Quantitative and Qualitative.
Quantitative: Change in number or amount: Height, weight, size of vocab,
or frequency of communication. Largely Continuous.
Qualitative: Change in kind, structure or organisation. Discontinuous: It is
marked by emergence of new phenomena that cannot be anticipated
easily on the basis of earlier functioning. Eg. Change from a nonverbal
child to one who understands words and can use them to communicate.
Most people show an underlying stability in aspects of personality and
behaviour i.e. most shy children generally display shyness to a moderate
degree throughout their life.
Charles Darwin was the first theorist to emphasize the developmental
nature of infant behaviour.
The Study of Child Development: Basic Concepts
Domains of Development *Study table 1-1 pg 11*
Physical Development: Growth of body and brain, the development of
sensory capacities and motor skills and health. All influence other aspects
of development. Eg. Child with frequent ear infections may develop
language more slowly than a child without this physical problem.
Cognitive Development: Change and stability in mental abilities, such as
learning, memory, language, thinking, moral reasoning, and creativity.
Closely related to physical, social and emotional growth. Ability to speak
depends on the development of mouth and brain. A child who has
difficulties in expressing herself in words may bring negative reactions in
others, affecting her popularity and sense of self worth.
Psychosocial Development: Change and stability in personality,
emotions, and social relationships. Can affect cognitive and physical
functioning. Anxiety about taking a test can worsen performance. Social
support can help children cope with stress on physical and mental
health. Physical and cognitive capacities affect psychosocial dev by
contributing to self-esteem and social acceptance.
Development is a unified process.
Influences on Development
development) Summary pack
Welcome to PYC2602 summary pack
This pack has been designed with you, a fellow student in mind. We have
included the following tools to assist you and make your life a little easier
during those really hectic exam periods.
This pack includes:
Study schedule
Chapter by chapter recap
Really take advantage of this pack by joining us at one of our free study
groups. Go to www.sociallearning.co.za for more information.
We cover the following section in this exam strategy pack:
Studying a child’s world
A child’s world: how we discover it
Forming a new life
Pregnancy and prenatal development
Birth and the new-born baby
Cognitive development during the first three years
Psychosocial development during the first three years
cognitive development in early childhood
psychosocial development in early childhood
physical development and health in middle childhood
(6-12years)
psychosocial development in middle childhood
physical development and health in adolescence
cognitive development in adolescence
psychosocial development in adolescence
,The summary comes from A Child's World: Infancy through adolescence by
Papalia, D.E., Olds, S.W., & Feldman, R.D.
Please note: This summary pack has been designed to assist you during
your examination preparation and should be used in conjunction with your
study guide and textbook.
, Some simple strategies to assist you in becoming
an extra- ordinary student
Defining your vision and planning for success
Make sure that you are clear about why you are studying. Without a clear
destination of where you are heading, you will not know when you have
arrived. Defining your vision for your life and your studies is not a one-off
activity at the beginning of a three or four year degree, but an on-going
reflection of the horizon.
The next step is to schedule realistic study time. The aim of a study schedule is
to map out how much time you can dedicate to your studies. Try breaking
your study sessions into easy bite-sized sessions with breaks in between of
no longer than 10-15 minutes.
Make sure you maximise your time with minimum distractions. As Oprah
says, "Doing the best in this moment puts you in the best position for the
next moment"
Strategy number 2: Be flexible
As Mama Glow author Latham Thomas says, "Don't victimise yourself. Learn
to shift from "Woe is me" to "Wow is me!"."
Planning for success comes with its challenges, especially when the
unexpected happens. Instead of boarding the sympathy train, deal with
the situation then and there, and move on. By implementing flexibility in
your schedule, you have created room for life to happen, without
jeopardising your vision.
Strategy number 3: Connect with others
We all think we can do it alone, but honestly, we can't. We need others, not only
for moral support, but also to help us study. Take the time to get to know
others in your classes, or if you are studying through correspondence, ask
the lectures to link you with students doing the same module, or join an
established study group.
Connecting with the right study partners gives you motivation and drive
to complete assignments, and moves your performance from average to
extra-ordinary.
Strategy number 4: Schedule in your 30-second dance parties
Celebrate all your achievements, regardless of how small or big they are.
Complete a chapter, a theory, a topic with a 30 second dance party. Get
up and celebrate – move your body. This promotes your self-confidence
and boosts your motivation to get on to the next piece of work. Also give
yourself a break when you can’t get through something. Each piece of
work has its own challenges
, CHAPTER 1: STUDYING A CHILD’S WORLD
The Study of Development: Then and Now
Child development focuses on the scientific study of processes of change
and stability in human children.
Developmental scientists study two kinds of change: Quantitative and Qualitative.
Quantitative: Change in number or amount: Height, weight, size of vocab,
or frequency of communication. Largely Continuous.
Qualitative: Change in kind, structure or organisation. Discontinuous: It is
marked by emergence of new phenomena that cannot be anticipated
easily on the basis of earlier functioning. Eg. Change from a nonverbal
child to one who understands words and can use them to communicate.
Most people show an underlying stability in aspects of personality and
behaviour i.e. most shy children generally display shyness to a moderate
degree throughout their life.
Charles Darwin was the first theorist to emphasize the developmental
nature of infant behaviour.
The Study of Child Development: Basic Concepts
Domains of Development *Study table 1-1 pg 11*
Physical Development: Growth of body and brain, the development of
sensory capacities and motor skills and health. All influence other aspects
of development. Eg. Child with frequent ear infections may develop
language more slowly than a child without this physical problem.
Cognitive Development: Change and stability in mental abilities, such as
learning, memory, language, thinking, moral reasoning, and creativity.
Closely related to physical, social and emotional growth. Ability to speak
depends on the development of mouth and brain. A child who has
difficulties in expressing herself in words may bring negative reactions in
others, affecting her popularity and sense of self worth.
Psychosocial Development: Change and stability in personality,
emotions, and social relationships. Can affect cognitive and physical
functioning. Anxiety about taking a test can worsen performance. Social
support can help children cope with stress on physical and mental
health. Physical and cognitive capacities affect psychosocial dev by
contributing to self-esteem and social acceptance.
Development is a unified process.
Influences on Development
