NURS6521N-26:ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGYI NI
TIALDI
SCUSSI
ON
POSTFALL2021(week8)
I
NITI
ALDI
SCUSSI
ONPOST(
Wee
k8)
De
bor
ahL
uce
ro,
RN,
BS,
CVRN-
BC,
FACCN
Ph
arma
cot
her
apyf
orHI
V/AI
DS
Wh
yHI
V/AI
DSi
sth
ats
ign
ifi
can
t?
I
nth
ela
stf
ewy
ear
sweh
avewi
tne
sse
dhowt
hee
nti
ren
ati
onwa
s
p
ani
cab
outs
win
efl
uan
dEb
olai
nfe
cti
ons
.In1
981
,th
erewa
sas
ame
p
ani
cwh
enHI
Vin
fec
ti
onc
amet
oli
ght
,an
ewd
ead
lyi
nfe
cti
on,
HIVwa
s
f
oun
dwh
ent
hes
ear
chwa
sma
det
oin
ves
ti
gat
eab
outt
hey
oun
g
h
omos
exu
alme
nwe
rea
cqu
iri
ngu
nus
ual
cas
eso
fpn
eumon
iaa
ndr
are
c
anc
ers
,wh
ichwe
ren
otc
ommon
lys
eeni
not
heri
mmu
nep
eop
le
(
Spoon
er,
201
3).
Acqu
ire
dImmu
nod
efi
ci
enc
ySy
ndr
ome(
AIDS)i
sca
use
d
b
yav
ir
usk
nowna
shu
mani
mmu
nod
efi
ci
enc
yvi
rus(
HIV)
,wh
icha
tta
cks
t
hei
mmu
nes
yst
ema
ndd
est
roy
sCD4p
osi
ti
veT-
cel
l
stol
esst
han
2
00/
mm3(
Cen
ter
sforDi
sea
seCon
trol
andPr
eve
nti
on(
CDC)
,20
16)
.
,CD4
+T-
cel
l
sar
ewh
iteb
loodc
ell
s,wh
icha
reb
eli
eve
dtob
eth
esol
di
ers
ofou
rbod
yan
dvi
tal
inf
igh
tin
gag
ain
sti
nfe
cti
ons
.Th
ede
str
uct
ionof
t
hes
ece
ll
sle
ave
spe
opl
ein
fec
tedwi
thHI
Vca
use
scomp
romi
sei
n
i
mmu
nit
yan
dsu
sce
pti
bl
etoot
heri
nfe
cti
ons
,di
sea
sesa
ndot
her
c
omp
li
cat
ion
s.Amon
g37mi
l
li
onp
eop
lel
i
vin
gwi
thHI
Var
oun
dth
ewo
rld
,
1
.2mi
l
li
onp
eop
lea
rel
i
vin
gint
heUn
ite
dSt
ate
san
d13p
erc
entofp
eop
le
a
ren
ote
vena
war
eoft
hei
ri
nfe
cti
on(
CDC,
201
6).
Eve
naf
tera
dva
nce
d
t
rea
tme
ntop
tion
s,a
war
ene
ssc
amp
aig
ns,
andp
rev
ent
ione
duc
ti
on,
the
r
ateofHI
Vtr
ans
mis
sionr
ema
insh
ighwi
th2
.1mi
l
li
onn
ewi
nfe
cti
ons
wor
ldwi
dei
n20
15a
lon
e.
, An
tir
etr
ovi
ral
The
rap
y(ART)
An
tir
etr
ovi
ral
the
rap
y(ART)a
reme
dic
ati
onst
hath
elpt
ore
duc
eth
e
r
is
koft
ran
smi
ssi
ona
slowe
rcon
cen
tra
tion
sofHI
Vri
bon
ucl
ei
cac
id(
RNA)
i
npl
asma
.Th
esed
rug
sdon
otk
il
lorc
uret
hev
ir
us,
buti
nhi
bi
tth
egr
owt
h
a
ndr
epl
i
cat
ionoft
hev
ir
us.
Comb
ina
tionARTt
her
apy(
cART)i
snowa
s
h
igh
lya
cti
veART(
HAART)
,wh
ichh
asc
urr
ent
ly2
0di
ff
ere
ntd
rug
sfr
om
d
iff
ere
ntc
las
sesi
nus
ean
dha
ssh
ownr
edu
cti
onsi
nmor
tal
i
tya
nd
mor
bid
ityf
romHI
V,t
ran
sfor
min
gth
edi
sea
sei
ntoac
hron
icme
dic
al
c
ond
iti
onwh
eren
ewl
ydi
agn
ose
din
div
idu
alsc
ane
xpe
ctt
ole
ada
n
i
mpr
ove
dqu
ali
tyofl
i
fe(
Sco
urf
iel
dWa
ter
s,&Ne
lson
,20
11)
.Si
ncet
he
i
ntr
odu
cti
onofARTr
egi
me,
thep
rov
ide
r’
skn
owl
edg
eab
outt
hei
nfl
uen
ce
ofl
ong
-te
rmt
oxi
ci
ti
es,
dru
g-d
rugi
nte
rac
ti
ons
,re
sis
tan
cea
ndc
o-
mor
bid
iti
eswe
rei
mpr
ove
dan
dth
eus
eofon
ced
ail
yan
dfi
xedd
ose
c
omb
ina
tion
she
lpe
dtoi
mpr
ove
dtr
eat
men
tad
her
enc
ean
dco
mpl
i
anc
e.
Th
est
udi
ess
howf
ir
st-
l
inet
her
apyr
esp
ons
era
tesa
rea
t80p
erc
ent(
HIV-
RNAl
esst
han5
0cop
iesp
ermi
l
li
li
te
ratwe
ek4
8)a
nds
eve
ral
tri
al
s
PHARMACOLOGYI NI
TIALDI
SCUSSI
ON
POSTFALL2021(week8)
I
NITI
ALDI
SCUSSI
ONPOST(
Wee
k8)
De
bor
ahL
uce
ro,
RN,
BS,
CVRN-
BC,
FACCN
Ph
arma
cot
her
apyf
orHI
V/AI
DS
Wh
yHI
V/AI
DSi
sth
ats
ign
ifi
can
t?
I
nth
ela
stf
ewy
ear
sweh
avewi
tne
sse
dhowt
hee
nti
ren
ati
onwa
s
p
ani
cab
outs
win
efl
uan
dEb
olai
nfe
cti
ons
.In1
981
,th
erewa
sas
ame
p
ani
cwh
enHI
Vin
fec
ti
onc
amet
oli
ght
,an
ewd
ead
lyi
nfe
cti
on,
HIVwa
s
f
oun
dwh
ent
hes
ear
chwa
sma
det
oin
ves
ti
gat
eab
outt
hey
oun
g
h
omos
exu
alme
nwe
rea
cqu
iri
ngu
nus
ual
cas
eso
fpn
eumon
iaa
ndr
are
c
anc
ers
,wh
ichwe
ren
otc
ommon
lys
eeni
not
heri
mmu
nep
eop
le
(
Spoon
er,
201
3).
Acqu
ire
dImmu
nod
efi
ci
enc
ySy
ndr
ome(
AIDS)i
sca
use
d
b
yav
ir
usk
nowna
shu
mani
mmu
nod
efi
ci
enc
yvi
rus(
HIV)
,wh
icha
tta
cks
t
hei
mmu
nes
yst
ema
ndd
est
roy
sCD4p
osi
ti
veT-
cel
l
stol
esst
han
2
00/
mm3(
Cen
ter
sforDi
sea
seCon
trol
andPr
eve
nti
on(
CDC)
,20
16)
.
,CD4
+T-
cel
l
sar
ewh
iteb
loodc
ell
s,wh
icha
reb
eli
eve
dtob
eth
esol
di
ers
ofou
rbod
yan
dvi
tal
inf
igh
tin
gag
ain
sti
nfe
cti
ons
.Th
ede
str
uct
ionof
t
hes
ece
ll
sle
ave
spe
opl
ein
fec
tedwi
thHI
Vca
use
scomp
romi
sei
n
i
mmu
nit
yan
dsu
sce
pti
bl
etoot
heri
nfe
cti
ons
,di
sea
sesa
ndot
her
c
omp
li
cat
ion
s.Amon
g37mi
l
li
onp
eop
lel
i
vin
gwi
thHI
Var
oun
dth
ewo
rld
,
1
.2mi
l
li
onp
eop
lea
rel
i
vin
gint
heUn
ite
dSt
ate
san
d13p
erc
entofp
eop
le
a
ren
ote
vena
war
eoft
hei
ri
nfe
cti
on(
CDC,
201
6).
Eve
naf
tera
dva
nce
d
t
rea
tme
ntop
tion
s,a
war
ene
ssc
amp
aig
ns,
andp
rev
ent
ione
duc
ti
on,
the
r
ateofHI
Vtr
ans
mis
sionr
ema
insh
ighwi
th2
.1mi
l
li
onn
ewi
nfe
cti
ons
wor
ldwi
dei
n20
15a
lon
e.
, An
tir
etr
ovi
ral
The
rap
y(ART)
An
tir
etr
ovi
ral
the
rap
y(ART)a
reme
dic
ati
onst
hath
elpt
ore
duc
eth
e
r
is
koft
ran
smi
ssi
ona
slowe
rcon
cen
tra
tion
sofHI
Vri
bon
ucl
ei
cac
id(
RNA)
i
npl
asma
.Th
esed
rug
sdon
otk
il
lorc
uret
hev
ir
us,
buti
nhi
bi
tth
egr
owt
h
a
ndr
epl
i
cat
ionoft
hev
ir
us.
Comb
ina
tionARTt
her
apy(
cART)i
snowa
s
h
igh
lya
cti
veART(
HAART)
,wh
ichh
asc
urr
ent
ly2
0di
ff
ere
ntd
rug
sfr
om
d
iff
ere
ntc
las
sesi
nus
ean
dha
ssh
ownr
edu
cti
onsi
nmor
tal
i
tya
nd
mor
bid
ityf
romHI
V,t
ran
sfor
min
gth
edi
sea
sei
ntoac
hron
icme
dic
al
c
ond
iti
onwh
eren
ewl
ydi
agn
ose
din
div
idu
alsc
ane
xpe
ctt
ole
ada
n
i
mpr
ove
dqu
ali
tyofl
i
fe(
Sco
urf
iel
dWa
ter
s,&Ne
lson
,20
11)
.Si
ncet
he
i
ntr
odu
cti
onofARTr
egi
me,
thep
rov
ide
r’
skn
owl
edg
eab
outt
hei
nfl
uen
ce
ofl
ong
-te
rmt
oxi
ci
ti
es,
dru
g-d
rugi
nte
rac
ti
ons
,re
sis
tan
cea
ndc
o-
mor
bid
iti
eswe
rei
mpr
ove
dan
dth
eus
eofon
ced
ail
yan
dfi
xedd
ose
c
omb
ina
tion
she
lpe
dtoi
mpr
ove
dtr
eat
men
tad
her
enc
ean
dco
mpl
i
anc
e.
Th
est
udi
ess
howf
ir
st-
l
inet
her
apyr
esp
ons
era
tesa
rea
t80p
erc
ent(
HIV-
RNAl
esst
han5
0cop
iesp
ermi
l
li
li
te
ratwe
ek4
8)a
nds
eve
ral
tri
al
s
