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NR 228 Exam 2 Review

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NR 228 Exam 2 Review ***Review all Textbook Chapters, worksheets and notes ***Concepts and topics to review not all inclusive 1. All Vitamins 2. Omega 3 fatty acids 3. B-complex vitamins a. FUNCTION: metabolism, energy, NERVE FUNCTIONING b. FOODS: meats, milk, enriched grains, whole grains, legumes, green leafy vegetables c. Vitamin B12 i. Water soluble d. Riboflavin (B2) i. Water soluble ii. DEFICIENCY: cracking at corners of mouth and smooth swollen tongue e. Thiamine (B1) i. Water soluble ii. DEFICIENCY: Beriberi, common in those with alcohol us disorder f. Niacin (B3) i. Water soluble g. Folate/ Folic acid i. Water soluble ii. DEFICIENCY: can result in neural tube defects in utero h. Vitamin B6 i. Water soluble 4. Vitamin C a. Water soluble b. Function in body: tissue building, metabolism, IRON ABSORPTION c. FOUND IN: citrus fruits/juices, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables, peppers d. Deficiency = SCURVY (bleeding, joint pain, swollen gums) e. SMOKERS NEED MORE VITAMIN C 5. Vitamin A a. FAT soluble b. FUNCTION: VISION HEALTH, skeletal and soft tissue development/strength c. FOODS: orange/yellow fruits and veggies, fatty fish, eggs, liver, dairy products d. DEFICIENCY: vision issues 6. Vitamin E a. FAT soluble b. FUNCTION: antioxidant (protects cells from damage) c. FOODS: fat containing foods (vegetable oil, nuts), dark green vegetables, whole grains 7. Vitamin D a. FAT soluble b. FUNCTION: helps with ABSORPTION OF CALACIUM and phosphorus, bone mineralization c. FOOD/SOURCES: sunlight, fortified milk, fatty fish, and eggs d. DEFICIENCY: rickets, bone loss 8. Calcium a. 9-10.5 b. FUNCTION: bone/teeth formation nerve and muscle function, clotting, blood pressure c. FOODS: dairy products, dark green vegetables, fortified foods d. HYPOCALCEMIA: POSITIVE CHVOSTEK’S AND TROUSSEAU’S SIGNS, MUSCLE SPASMS, TINGLINING IN LIPS AND FINGERS 9. All minerals 10. Secondary vitamin deficiency 11. Potassium a. 3.5-5.0 b. FUNCTION: maintains intracellular fluid balance, nerve function, REGULATES MUSCLE AND HEART CONTRACTIONS c. FOODS: bananas, potatoes, oranges, cantaloupe, avocados, dark green vegetables d. HYPR AND HYPOKALEMIA = DYSRHYTHMIAS 12. Interstitial fluid 13. Magnesium a. 1.3-2.1 b. FUNCTION: nerve and muscle function, bone formation c. FOODS: nuts, dark green vegetables, whole grains, meat, and milk 14. Basal metabolic rate a. BMR: energy required for INVOLUNTARY activities in the body within a 24-hour period (ex: heart function, respirations, temperature regulation) b. INCREASE IN BMR OCCURS WITH: male gender, increased muscle mass, stress, periods of growth, pregnancy/lactation, exposure to cold, disease/illness c. DECREASE IN BMR OCCURS WITH: female gender, short stature, less muscle mass (i.e. more fat) starvation, older age (60), hypothyroidism 15. Food insecurity 16. Creatine 17. Nutrition during Pregnancy a. Pregnancy: Additional 340 cal/day during second trimester, additional 450 cal/day during third trimester b. NO ALCOHOL c. LIMIT CAFFEINE TO 300 MG/DAY d. 600MCG/DAY FOLIC ACID RECOMMENDED e. IRON SUPPLEMENT RECOMMENDED f. FISH AND SHELLFISH SHOULD BE AVOIDED DUE TO MERCURY g. WEIGHT GAIN: first trimester 1-4 pounds total, second and third trimester 2-4 pounds per month i. Normal weight patients gain: 25-35 pounds ii. Underweight patients gain: 28-40 pounds iii. Overweight patients gain: 15-25 18. Infant/Child/Adolescent Nutrition a. BIRTH WEIGHT DOUBLES BY 6 MONTHS b. BREAST MILK 9OR FORMULA) ONLY FOR FIRST 4-6 MONTHS c. START INTRODUCING SOLID FOOD AT ABOUT 4 MONTHS i. IRON FORTIFIED CEREAL SHOULD BE FIRST INTRODUCED ii. NEW FOODS ONE AT A TIME OVER 5-7 DAYS d. COWS MILK SHOULD ONLY E GIVEN AFTER 1 YEAR e. CHILDREN HGAIN ABOUT 5 POUNDS PER YEAR f. CHOKING HAZARDS: i. GRAPES ii. RAW CARROTS iii. HOT DOGS iv. CELERY v. PEANUT BUTTER 19. Adult Nutrition 20. Elderly Nutrition a. OLDER ADULTS HAVE LOWER BMR b. OLDER ADULTS HAVE DECREASED ABSORPTION OF B12, FOLIC ACID, AND CALCIUM c. DEHYDRATION COMMON d. MINCE/CHOP FOOD FOR DIFFICULTY CHEWING e. THICKEN LIQUIDS FOR DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING 21. Diabetes Pt nutritional needs 22. Cardiac Pt nutritional needs 23. Obese Pt 24. BMI a. Weight in lbs * 703/ height in inches ^2

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NURS-6521C-1/NURS-6521D-1/NURS-6521N-1-Advanced
Pharmacology2019 Winter Qtr 11/25-02/16-PT27




Due Date 1/13/20
Status Completed
Attempt 92 out of 100 points
Score
Time 2 hours, 0 minute out of 2 hours
Elapsed
Instructions Please answer each question below and click Submit when you have
completed the Exam.
Results Submitted Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions
Displayed
• Question 1
1 out of 1 points
In order to promote therapeutic drug effects, the Nurse Practitioner should
always encourage patients to


Selected Answer: take their medication at the prescribed times.

• Question 2
1 out of 1 points
A female patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been
experiencing increasing neuropathic pain in recent months, a symptom that has
not responded appreciably to conventional analgesics. The patient's care provider
has begun treatment with gabapentin (Neurontin). How is the addition of this
drug likely to influence the management of the patient's existing drug regimen?
Selected
Answer: It is unlikely to influence the patient's other medications because
gabapentin does not interact with other drugs.
• Question 3
1 out of 1 points

Following an assessment by her primary care provider, a 70-year-old resident of
an assisted living facility has begun taking daily oral doses of levothyroxine. Which
of the following assessment findings should prompt the nurse to withhold a
scheduled dose of levothyroxine?
Selected
Answer: The resident's apical heart rate is 112 beats/minute with a
• Question 4 regular rhythm
1 out of 1 points

The lower respiratory system utilizes a number of different mechanisms that
confer protection and maintain homeostasis. Which of the following physiological
processes protects the lower respiratory system?

, Selected Cilia sweep foreign material and mucus upward toward the
Answer: trachea and larynx where they can then be swallowed.
• Question 5
1 out of 1 points
A 62-year-old man has been prescribed lovastatin. The Nurse Practitioner will
instruct the patient to take the medication
Selected Answer: at bedtime.
• Question 6
1 out of 1 points
A Nurse Practitioner who provides care for older adults is aware of the high
incidence of drug interactions in this population. When educating a group of
seniors about the prevention of drug interactions, the Nurse Practitioner should
encourage them to


Selected consult their care provider before taking new over-the-counter
Answer: medications.
• Question 7
1 out of 1 points

A Nurse Practitioner is teaching an older adult patient about polypharmacy. Which
of the following statements best describe this term?
Selected Answer: Taking several drugs simultaneously
• Question 8
1 out of 1 points

A diabetic patient being treated for obesity tells the Nurse Practitioner that he is
having adverse effects from his drug therapy. The patient has been taking
dextroamphetamine for 2 weeks as adjunct therapy. Which of the following
adverse effects would need the Nurse Practitioner's immediate attention?

Selected Answer: Increased blood glucose
• Question 9
1 out of 1 points

A 22 year old patient is transitioning from oral agents to insulin. He will be taking
20 units of lantus at bedtime and regular insulin before meals. What instructions
should the NP provide about the timing and dose of regular insulin?



Selected Take 1 unit of regular insulin for each 10 grams of carbohydrate to
Answer: be consumed 15 minutes before each meal
• Question 10
1 out of 1 points

Topical inhaled alpha adrenergic blocking agents or nasal vasoconstricting
decongestants should not be used chronically (>5 days) because they can cause

, Selected Answer: rebound rhinitis/congestion


• Question 11
1 out of 1 points
The parents of a 7-year-old boy who has just been diagnosed with allergic asthma
are being taught about their son's medication regimen by the nurse. The nurse is
currently teaching the parent's about the appropriate use of a "rescue drug" for
acute exacerbations of their son's asthma. What drug should the nurse suggests
the parents to use in these situations?

Selected Answer: Albuterol
• Question 12
0 out of 1 points
A 70-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation takes digoxin and
verapamil to control her health problem. Verapamil achieves a therapeutic effect
by
Selected
Answer: blocking adrenergic receptors and producing antisympathetic
effects.
• Question 13
1 out of 1 points

A patient receives 25 units of NPH insulin at 7.AM. At what time of day should the
nurse advise the patient to be most alert for a potential hypoglycemic reaction?
Selected Answer: Late afternoon
• Question 14
0 out of 1 points

A child with sinusitis has been on antibiotics for seven days and his symptoms are
not improving. All of the following are options to prescribe for the patient now
EXCEPT:


Selected Answer: Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

• Question 15
1 out of 1 points

The Nurse Practitioner's assessment of a community-dwelling adult suggests that
the client may have drug allergies that have not been previously documented.
What statement by the client would confirm this?


Selected "I broke out in hives and got terribly itchy when I started a new
Answer: prescription last year."
• Question 16
1 out of 1 points

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