Why Study Biology?
1. Do you want to know God?
2. Do want help with other classes?
a. Knowledge of God is foundational to all form of understanding. (proverbs 9:10)
b. Since studying life can help us know God and
What is Life?
1. Composed of one or more Cells. (cellular organization)
2. Stores “genes” on DNA (Heredity)
3. Capacity to grow, reproduce, and develop.
a. Grow meaning grow in stature
b. Develop as in mature over time.
4. Capture and use energy and raw materials. (Metabolism)
5. Sense and response to the environment and tend to adapt to their environment over time.
(homeostasis)
What About?
What about Viruses? (are they alive?)
a. No cells & can’t reproduce independently.
What about Mad Cow disease – prions?
a. Aberrant proteins; no cells & can’t reproduce independently.
What about Angels or God?
a. Life = Biological definition; not Spiritual.
How do we ask and answer questions Scientifically?
Scientific Method:
1. Observe phenomenon >> Questions.
2. Develop Hypotheses.
a. Very general statement.
b. Must make into a prediction.
3. Make Testable predictions.
4. Devise test of predictions.
5. Carry out test to analyze results.
6. Interpret data/results.
Role of Experiments
1. Procedures used to study a phenomenon under known conditions.
2. Can never prove a hypothesis 100% correct.
3. Can’t prove a Hypothesis “true”.
This study source was downloaded by 100000799398447 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 08:25:52 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/39711060/BIO-101-Class-Notes-2docx/
, 4. Only provide evidence that it’s not wrong.
a. Fail to reject.
Experimental Design
Experimental Group
a. Group receiving treatment you are testing.
Control Group
a. A standard for comparison.
b. Identical to experimental group except for variable being studied.
Experimental Problems
Bias
a. Experimenter’s preconceived ideas that influence how & what experiments are done &/or
how they are interpreted.
Sampling Error
a. “Non-representative” sample skews results.
b. Too small or just not consistent with total population.
c. Minimize by using large samples.
Higher Levels of Organization
1. Atom, Molecule, Organelle.
2. Cell (Tissue, Organ, Organ System)
3. Multicellular Organism.
4. Population. (Species)
a. Single type of species.
5. Community.
a. Multiple species in a particular area.
6. Ecosystem
a. A community, (multiple species in 1 area) as well as non-living factors like mineral/radiation
content, etc.
7. Biosphere.
a. All of the Ecosystems of the earth.
Scientific Names
1. Two-part naming system devised by Carolus Linnaeus.
2. First name is Genus (plural, Genera)
a. EX: Homo << (Genus) Sapiens << (Species within Genus)
3. Second name is species within Genus.
4. Give general name first, (Homo) then specific name within genus (Sapiens)
This study source was downloaded by 100000799398447 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 08:25:52 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/39711060/BIO-101-Class-Notes-2docx/
1. Do you want to know God?
2. Do want help with other classes?
a. Knowledge of God is foundational to all form of understanding. (proverbs 9:10)
b. Since studying life can help us know God and
What is Life?
1. Composed of one or more Cells. (cellular organization)
2. Stores “genes” on DNA (Heredity)
3. Capacity to grow, reproduce, and develop.
a. Grow meaning grow in stature
b. Develop as in mature over time.
4. Capture and use energy and raw materials. (Metabolism)
5. Sense and response to the environment and tend to adapt to their environment over time.
(homeostasis)
What About?
What about Viruses? (are they alive?)
a. No cells & can’t reproduce independently.
What about Mad Cow disease – prions?
a. Aberrant proteins; no cells & can’t reproduce independently.
What about Angels or God?
a. Life = Biological definition; not Spiritual.
How do we ask and answer questions Scientifically?
Scientific Method:
1. Observe phenomenon >> Questions.
2. Develop Hypotheses.
a. Very general statement.
b. Must make into a prediction.
3. Make Testable predictions.
4. Devise test of predictions.
5. Carry out test to analyze results.
6. Interpret data/results.
Role of Experiments
1. Procedures used to study a phenomenon under known conditions.
2. Can never prove a hypothesis 100% correct.
3. Can’t prove a Hypothesis “true”.
This study source was downloaded by 100000799398447 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 08:25:52 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/39711060/BIO-101-Class-Notes-2docx/
, 4. Only provide evidence that it’s not wrong.
a. Fail to reject.
Experimental Design
Experimental Group
a. Group receiving treatment you are testing.
Control Group
a. A standard for comparison.
b. Identical to experimental group except for variable being studied.
Experimental Problems
Bias
a. Experimenter’s preconceived ideas that influence how & what experiments are done &/or
how they are interpreted.
Sampling Error
a. “Non-representative” sample skews results.
b. Too small or just not consistent with total population.
c. Minimize by using large samples.
Higher Levels of Organization
1. Atom, Molecule, Organelle.
2. Cell (Tissue, Organ, Organ System)
3. Multicellular Organism.
4. Population. (Species)
a. Single type of species.
5. Community.
a. Multiple species in a particular area.
6. Ecosystem
a. A community, (multiple species in 1 area) as well as non-living factors like mineral/radiation
content, etc.
7. Biosphere.
a. All of the Ecosystems of the earth.
Scientific Names
1. Two-part naming system devised by Carolus Linnaeus.
2. First name is Genus (plural, Genera)
a. EX: Homo << (Genus) Sapiens << (Species within Genus)
3. Second name is species within Genus.
4. Give general name first, (Homo) then specific name within genus (Sapiens)
This study source was downloaded by 100000799398447 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 08:25:52 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/39711060/BIO-101-Class-Notes-2docx/
