Q&A
NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
Introduction in Psychiatric Nursing
Understand milieu therapy- can you describe it in a clinical setting?
Describe the difference between mental health and mental illness
Mental health: a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being:
Mental illness: a disorder or disease affecting a person’s psychological and emotional well-being.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (pg 31)
Review table 3-2 (pg 28)
Erikson
Infancy Birth-1.5yrs Trust vs. Mistrust Develops trust
Self-control;
Autonomy vs.
Early Childhood 1.5-3yrs independence;
Shame/Doubt
confidence
Developing sense of
Play Late Child 3-6yrs Initiative vs. Guilt
purpose
“An 11-year-
Industry vs.
School Age 6-12yrs Competing old girl trying
Inferiority
out for cheer”
, NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
Identity vs. Role
Adolescent 12-20yrs Secure sense of self
Confusion
Intimacy vs. Ability to love and
Young Adult 20-30yrs
Isolation be loved
Nurturing
Generativity vs.
Adulthood 30-65yrs subsequent
Stagnation
generations
Integrity vs.
Old Adult 65-death Acceptance of life
Despair
Freud-(Apply concept of Id, Ego and Superego) (page 19)
One of Freud’s later and widely known constructs concerns the intrapsychic struggle that occurs within
the brain among the id, the ego, and the superego.
The id is the primitive, pleasure-seeking part (according to Freud, predominantly sexual pleasure) of our
personalities that lurks in the unconscious mind. (Unconscious)
Pleasure-pain principle
Id, the instinctive and primitive mind, is dominant
Demanding, impulsive, irrational, asocial, selfish, trustful, omnipotent, and dependent
Primary thought processes
Unconscious instincts—source-energy-aim-object
Mouth—primary source of pleasure
Immediate release of tension/anxiety and immediate gratification through oral gratification
Task—develop a sense of trust that needs will be met
The ego is our sense of self and acts as an intermediary between the id and the world by using ego
defense mechanisms, such as repression, denial, and rationalization (conscious)
The superego is assigned to those processes that Freud referred to as our conscience (our sense of what is
right or wrong) and is greatly influenced by our parents’ or caregivers’ moral and ethical stances. The
assumption is made that in healthy individuals, the ego is able to realistically evaluate situations, limit the
id’s primitive impulses, and keep the superego from becoming too rigid and obsessive. (Unconscious)
Therapeutic Communication
Be able to given examples of verbal and non-verbal communication
, NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
ABLE 8-2
Techniques that Enhance Communication
Technique Discussion Examples
Using silence Gives the person time to collect thoughts or think through a point. Encourage a person to talk by
waiting for the answers.
Accepting Indicates that the person has been understood. The statement does not “Yes.”
necessarily indicate agreement but is nonjudgmental. However,
nurses should not imply that they understand when they do not
understand. “Uh-huh.”
“I follow what you say.”
Giving recognition Indicates awareness of change and personal efforts. Does not imply “Good morning, Mr. James.”
good or bad, or right or wrong.
“You’ve combed your hair today.”
“I notice that you shaved today.”
Offering self Offers presence, interest, and a desire to understand. Is not offered to “I would like to spend time with
get the person to talk or behave in a specific way. you.”
“I’ll stay here and sit with you a
while.”
Offering general Allows the other person to take direction in the discussion. Indicates “Go on.”
leads that the nurse is interested in what comes next.
“And then?”
“Tell me about it.”
Giving broad Clarifies that the lead is to be taken by the patient. However, the “Where would you like to begin?”
openings nurse discourages pleasantries and small talk.
, NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
Technique Discussion Examples
Using silence Gives the person time to collect thoughts or think through a point. Encourage a person to talk by
waiting for the answers.
“What are you thinking about?”
“What would you like to discuss?”
Placing the events in Puts events and actions in better perspective. Notes cause-and-effect “What happened before?”
time or sequence relationships and identifies patterns of interpersonal difficulties.
“When did this happen?”
Making observations Calls attention to the person’s behavior (e.g., trembling, nail biting, “You appear tense.”
restless mannerisms). Encourages the person to notice the
behavior to describe thoughts and feelings for mutual
understanding. Helpful with mute and withdrawn people. “I notice you’re biting your lips.”
“You appear nervous whenever
John enters the room.”
Encouraging Increases the nurse’s understanding of the patient’s perceptions. “What do these voices seem to be
description of Talking about feelings and difficulties can lessen the need to act saying?”
perception them out inappropriately.
“What is happening now?”
“Tell me when you feel anxious.”
Encouraging Reveals recurring themes in experiences or interpersonal “Has this ever happened before?”
comparison relationships. Helps the person clarify similarities and
differences.
“Is this how you felt when…?”
“Was it something like…?”
NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
Introduction in Psychiatric Nursing
Understand milieu therapy- can you describe it in a clinical setting?
Describe the difference between mental health and mental illness
Mental health: a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being:
Mental illness: a disorder or disease affecting a person’s psychological and emotional well-being.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (pg 31)
Review table 3-2 (pg 28)
Erikson
Infancy Birth-1.5yrs Trust vs. Mistrust Develops trust
Self-control;
Autonomy vs.
Early Childhood 1.5-3yrs independence;
Shame/Doubt
confidence
Developing sense of
Play Late Child 3-6yrs Initiative vs. Guilt
purpose
“An 11-year-
Industry vs.
School Age 6-12yrs Competing old girl trying
Inferiority
out for cheer”
, NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
Identity vs. Role
Adolescent 12-20yrs Secure sense of self
Confusion
Intimacy vs. Ability to love and
Young Adult 20-30yrs
Isolation be loved
Nurturing
Generativity vs.
Adulthood 30-65yrs subsequent
Stagnation
generations
Integrity vs.
Old Adult 65-death Acceptance of life
Despair
Freud-(Apply concept of Id, Ego and Superego) (page 19)
One of Freud’s later and widely known constructs concerns the intrapsychic struggle that occurs within
the brain among the id, the ego, and the superego.
The id is the primitive, pleasure-seeking part (according to Freud, predominantly sexual pleasure) of our
personalities that lurks in the unconscious mind. (Unconscious)
Pleasure-pain principle
Id, the instinctive and primitive mind, is dominant
Demanding, impulsive, irrational, asocial, selfish, trustful, omnipotent, and dependent
Primary thought processes
Unconscious instincts—source-energy-aim-object
Mouth—primary source of pleasure
Immediate release of tension/anxiety and immediate gratification through oral gratification
Task—develop a sense of trust that needs will be met
The ego is our sense of self and acts as an intermediary between the id and the world by using ego
defense mechanisms, such as repression, denial, and rationalization (conscious)
The superego is assigned to those processes that Freud referred to as our conscience (our sense of what is
right or wrong) and is greatly influenced by our parents’ or caregivers’ moral and ethical stances. The
assumption is made that in healthy individuals, the ego is able to realistically evaluate situations, limit the
id’s primitive impulses, and keep the superego from becoming too rigid and obsessive. (Unconscious)
Therapeutic Communication
Be able to given examples of verbal and non-verbal communication
, NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
ABLE 8-2
Techniques that Enhance Communication
Technique Discussion Examples
Using silence Gives the person time to collect thoughts or think through a point. Encourage a person to talk by
waiting for the answers.
Accepting Indicates that the person has been understood. The statement does not “Yes.”
necessarily indicate agreement but is nonjudgmental. However,
nurses should not imply that they understand when they do not
understand. “Uh-huh.”
“I follow what you say.”
Giving recognition Indicates awareness of change and personal efforts. Does not imply “Good morning, Mr. James.”
good or bad, or right or wrong.
“You’ve combed your hair today.”
“I notice that you shaved today.”
Offering self Offers presence, interest, and a desire to understand. Is not offered to “I would like to spend time with
get the person to talk or behave in a specific way. you.”
“I’ll stay here and sit with you a
while.”
Offering general Allows the other person to take direction in the discussion. Indicates “Go on.”
leads that the nurse is interested in what comes next.
“And then?”
“Tell me about it.”
Giving broad Clarifies that the lead is to be taken by the patient. However, the “Where would you like to begin?”
openings nurse discourages pleasantries and small talk.
, NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing
Final Exam
Key Concepts
Technique Discussion Examples
Using silence Gives the person time to collect thoughts or think through a point. Encourage a person to talk by
waiting for the answers.
“What are you thinking about?”
“What would you like to discuss?”
Placing the events in Puts events and actions in better perspective. Notes cause-and-effect “What happened before?”
time or sequence relationships and identifies patterns of interpersonal difficulties.
“When did this happen?”
Making observations Calls attention to the person’s behavior (e.g., trembling, nail biting, “You appear tense.”
restless mannerisms). Encourages the person to notice the
behavior to describe thoughts and feelings for mutual
understanding. Helpful with mute and withdrawn people. “I notice you’re biting your lips.”
“You appear nervous whenever
John enters the room.”
Encouraging Increases the nurse’s understanding of the patient’s perceptions. “What do these voices seem to be
description of Talking about feelings and difficulties can lessen the need to act saying?”
perception them out inappropriately.
“What is happening now?”
“Tell me when you feel anxious.”
Encouraging Reveals recurring themes in experiences or interpersonal “Has this ever happened before?”
comparison relationships. Helps the person clarify similarities and
differences.
“Is this how you felt when…?”
“Was it something like…?”
