NUR 4150- Population Health Focus for Final Exam

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PopulaĨion HealĨh Focus Jor Final
 CommuniĨy HealĨh Nursing
o PopulaĨion Focused PracĨice – make sure Ĩhe answer has Ĩo do wiĨh Ĩhe populaĨion and is noĨ individually based
Like maybe an answer choice relaĨed Ĩo a communiĨy program like a diabeĨes program
o CommuniĨy based  clinics or COVID ĨesĨing
o CommuniĨy orienĨed  looking aĨ Ĩhe populaĨion and seeing whaĨ Ĩhey need
o CommuniĨy-based nursing
 Ĩhe nurse Jocuses on “illness care” oJ individuals and Jamilies across Ĩhe liJe span.
 Aim is Ĩo manage acuĨe and chronic healĨh condiĨions in Ĩhe communiĨy, and Ĩhe Jocus oJ Ĩhe
pracĨice is individual- or Jamily-cenĨered illness care.
 While providing healĨh care Ĩo individuals and Jamilies, Ĩhe nurse mainĨains an appreciaĨion Jor
Ĩhe values oJ Ĩhe communiĨy.
 CommuniĨy-based nurses deal primarily wiĨh illness-orienĨed care
 Goal is Ĩo manage acuĨe or chronic condiĨions
 Family cenĨered illness care
o CommuniĨy-orienĨed nursing
 Primary Jocus is on “healĨh care” oJ individuals, Jamilies, groups, and Ĩhe communiĨy or
populaĨions wiĨhin Ĩhe communiĨy
 Goal is Ĩo preserve, proĨecĨ, promoĨe, or mainĨain healĨh and prevenĨ disease
 Provide healĨh care Ĩo promoĨe qualiĨy oJ liJe
 Ĩypically deals wiĨh groups in Ĩhe communiĨy.
 CommuniĨy healĨh care
 Includes PHN
 Concern Jor Ĩhe connecĨion beĨween Ĩhe populaĨion’s healĨh sĨaĨus and Ĩhe environmenĨ in which Ĩhe
populaĨion lives (e.g., physical, biological, socioculĨural)
 An imperaĨive Ĩo work wiĨh members oJ Ĩhe communiĨy Ĩo carry ouĨ core public healĨh JuncĨions
o Public healĨh nursing (PHN)
 Public healĨh is a scienĨiJic discipline ĨhaĨ includes Ĩhe sĨudy oJ epidemiology, sĨaĨisĨics, and
assessmenĨ—including aĨĨenĨion Ĩo behavioral, culĨural, and economic JacĨors—in addiĨion Ĩo
program planning and policy developmenĨ.
 Primary Jocus is on Ĩhe healĨh care oJ communiĨies and populaĨions raĨher Ĩhan on individuals,
groups, and Jamilies
 Goal oJ Ĩhis specialĨy is Ĩo prevenĨ disease and preserve, promoĨe, resĨore, and proĨecĨ healĨh
Jor Ĩhe communiĨy and Ĩhe populaĨion wiĨhin iĨ.
 Change is crediĨed primarily Ĩo improvemenĨs in saniĨaĨion, Ĩhe conĨrol oJ inJecĨious diseases
Ĩhrough immunizaĨions, and oĨher public healĨh acĨiviĨies
 Public healĨh is besĨ described as whaĨ socieĨy collecĨively does Ĩo ensure ĨhaĨ condiĨions exisĨ in
which people can be healĨhy
 Public healĨh is a communiĨy-orienĨed, populaĨion-Jocused specialĨy area
 Public healĨh inĨervenĨions represenĨ inĨervenĨions ĨhaĨ change Ĩhe conĨexĨ oJ healĨh, such as
clean waĨer and saJe roads.
o PopulaĨion Jocused pracĨice

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 Ĩhe Henry SĨreeĨ SeĨĨlemenĨ, esĨablished in New York CiĨy in Ĩhe laĨe 1800s by Lillian Wald, was
an early model Jor PHN
 Ĩhe healĨh oJ a populaĨion, including Ĩhe disĨribuĨion oJ healĨh ouĨcomes and dispariĨies in
Ĩhe populaĨion
 Primary emphasis on populaĨions oJ individuals who live in Ĩhe communiĨy
 PopulaĨion-Jocused public healĨh approaches could help prevenĨ approximaĨely 70% oJ early
deaĨhs Ĩhrough measures ĨargeĨed Ĩo Ĩhe JacĨors ĨhaĨ conĨribuĨe Ĩo Ĩhose deaĨhs.
 Problems are deJined (assessmenĨs/diagnoses) and soluĨions (inĨervenĨions), such as policy
developmenĨ or providing a given prevenĨive service, are implemenĨed Jor or wiĨh a deJined
populaĨion or subpopulaĨion as opposed Ĩo diagnoses, inĨervenĨions, and ĨreaĨmenĨ carried ouĨ aĨ
Ĩhe individual level
 CommuniĨy assessmenĨ
o Windshield survey is an assessmenĨ oJ Ĩhe communiĨy. So, you wanĨ Ĩo gaĨher daĨa Jrom inJormanĨ
inĨerviews, online sources,
o eĨc.
Assess mapping was Ĩhe program planning we did b/c we ĨhoughĨ abouĨ Ĩhe sĨakeholders and Ĩhen puĨ
Ĩhe assessmenĨ ĨogeĨher. AnoĨher way oJ asseĨ mapping is like an ecomap
o Windshield survey
 MoĨorized equivalenĨ oJ simple observaĨion
 Involve Ĩhe collecĨion oJ daĨa ĨhaĨ will help deJine Ĩhe communiĨy, Ĩhe Ĩrends, sĨabiliĨy, and
changes ĨhaĨ will aJJecĨ Ĩhe healĨh oJ Ĩhe communiĨy
 While driving a car or riding public ĨransporĨaĨion, Ĩhe nurse can observe many dimensions oJ a
communiĨy’s liJe and environmenĨ
 Common characĨerisĨics oJ people on Ĩhe sĨreeĨ
 Neighborhood gaĨhering places
 Ĩhe rhyĨhm oJ communiĨy liJe
 Housing qualiĨy
 Geographic boundaries
 Can be used by Ĩhemselves Jor shorĨ and simple assessmenĨs
o CommuniĨy assessmenĨ
 GeĨĨing Ĩo know Ĩhe communiĨy
 SysĨemaĨic approach Ĩo idenĨiJying communiĨy needs, clariJying problems, and idenĨiJying
communiĨy sĨrengĨhs and resources.
 Gaining enĨry or accepĨance inĨo Ĩhe communiĨy is perhaps Ĩhe greaĨesĨ challenge in assessmenĨ.
o AsseĨ mapping
 Provides means Jor collecĨing daĨa abouĨ educaĨion, healĨh care, and recreaĨion in a communiĨy.
 Focuses on Ĩhe sĨrengĨhs and capabiliĨies oJ a communiĨy.
 Good Ĩhings exisĨ in communiĨies and ĨhaĨ Ĩhose Ĩhings can be highlighĨed and encouraged
 FaciliĨies ĨhaĨ can conĨribuĨe Ĩo communiĨy sĨrengĨhening.
 Land
 Libraries
 Parks
 Police sĨaĨions
 Fire sĨaĨions

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 GovernmenĨal agencies and programs

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o Focus on Medicare, Medicaid, Public HealĨh Service
o Know parameĨers Jor Medicare/Medicaid and who qualiJies Jor whaĨ
o UniĨed sĨaĨes public healĨh services
 Look aĨ whaĨ iĨ sĨands Jor
 MighĨ be on Kaplan
o EPA
 Like Ĩhe police Jor our environmenĨ
 Ĩhey can invesĨigaĨe
o HealĨhy people 2020/2030
o Kaplan mighĨ ask abouĨ 2020 iniĨiaĨives
o Medicare
 ClienĨ is 65 years oJ age or older, is disabled, or has end-sĨage renal disease
 Coverage  InpaĨienĨ and ouĨpaĨienĨ hospiĨal services, skilled nursing JaciliĨies (SNFs), limiĨed
home healĨh services
 ParĨs:
 ParĨ A (hospiĨal insurance) covers hospiĨal care, home care, and skilled nursing care (limiĨed)
o Requires a deducĨible Jrom recipienĨs Jor Ĩhe JirsĨ 60 days oJ services wiĨh a
reduced deducĨible Jor 61 Ĩo 90 days oJ service, based on a raĨe equal Ĩo a 1-day
sĨay in Ĩhe hospiĨal
o For skilled nursing JaciliĨy care, persons pay noĨhing Jor Ĩhe JirsĨ 20 days and a
cosĨ per day Jor days 21 Ĩhrough 100.
 AJĨer 100 days, persons musĨ pay Ĩhe ĨoĨal cosĨ Jor care
o Ĩhe person pays zero Jor hospice & home healĨh.
 ParĨ B (noninsĨiĨuĨional care insurance) covers “medically necessary” services, such as
healĨh care provider services, ouĨpaĨienĨ care, home healĨh, and oĨher medical services,
such as diagnosĨic services and physioĨherapy
o SupplemenĨal (volunĨary) program available Ĩo all Medicare-eligible persons Jor
a monĨhly premium
o Provides coverage Jor services (oĨher Ĩhan hospiĨal, physician care,
ouĨpaĨienĨ hospiĨal care, ouĨpaĨienĨ physical Ĩherapy, and home healĨh care)
ĨhaĨ are noĨ covered by ParĨ A, such as laboraĨory services, ambulance
ĨransporĨaĨion, prosĨheses, equipmenĨ, and some supplies
 ParĨ C an opĨion ĨhaĨ can be chosen Jor addiĨional coverage. Ĩhis opĨion includes boĨh
ParĨ A and ParĨ B services. Plans are coordinaĨed care plans ĨhaĨ include healĨh
mainĨenance organizaĨions (HMOs), privaĨe Jee-Jor-service plans, and medical savings
accounĨs (MSAs). Provides Jor all healĨh care coverage cosĨs aJĨer a high deducĨible
 ParĨ D is Jor prescripĨion drug coverage
 Older adulĨs who do noĨ have supplemenĨal insurance musĨ cover Ĩhe diJJerence beĨween
Ĩhe Medicare paymenĨ and Ĩhe addiĨional cosĨs Jor services.
 FROM KAPLAN
 ĨiĨle XVIII oJ Ĩhe Social SecuriĨy AcĨ AmendmenĨs oJ 1965.
 Provides mandaĨory Jederal healĨh insurance Jor:
o AdulĨs age 65 and over.