ANP1105 Midterm Exam 1 Answers

1. Which cell organelle is the site of protein synthesis? A. Golgi complex B. lysosome C. mitochondria D. rough endoplasmic reticulum E. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 2. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Chromatin consists exclusively of DNA and RNA B. The glycocalyx is somewhat fuzzy and sticky because of the numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane C. Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein tubulin D. Mature red blood cells do not contain nucleus 3. At the age of 6 month Anna was diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. As her primary care physician, what would you tell her parents? A. That she suffers from a rare disease characterized by loss of mitochondria in her brain cells B. That she suffers from the lysosmal disease in which a specific enzyme is missing and thus her lysosomes will become swollen with undigested lipid ganglioside C. That she suffers from the rare peroxisomal congenial disease characterized by reduction or absence of peroxisomes D. That she has a rare form of cancer 4. Which of the following organelles contain(s) DNA? A. Lysosomes B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Both B) and C) E. All of the above 5. Which of the following statements correctly describes plasma membrane? A. It is a structure formed by phospholipids and cholesterol designed to be stable against pressure B. It is a dynamic fluid structure that is in constantly moving laterally C. It is a unique, solid barrier custom designed for each type of cell D. It is a flexible protein barrier supported by cholesterol rods. 6. Lipid rafts: A. Play a role in cell to cell recognition B. Are made of glycolipids and glycoproteins C. Are made of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids and sphingolipids D. Are floating freely in the cytoplasm Page 3 7. Which type of junction is an anchoring junction that is linked to the keratin fibres on the cytosolic side of the cell and with linker proteins cadherins extending to the extracellular space? A. tight junction B. desmosome C. glycocalyx D. integral junction E. gap junction 8. Which of these would you expect to find in or on cells whose main function is absorption? A. microvilli B. cilia C. desmosomes D. gap junctions E. secretory vesicles 9. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion in which: A. a solute moves against its concentration gradient B. water moves down its concentration gradient C. water moves against its concentration gradient D. water moves from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration E. water is transported across cell membrane via facilitated diffusion 10. During endocytosis: A. a section of the plasma membrane brakes off and forms a vesicle inside the cell B. transport can consist of either pinocytosis or phagocytosis C. extracellular fluid can enter the cell D. there may be fusion with a lysosome E. all of the above 11. If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? A. The cells will swell and ultimately burst B. The cells will lose water and shrink C. The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition D. The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent Page 4 12. Which statement best describes connective tissue? A. It usually contains a large amount of matrix and is usually well vascularised B. It is always arranged in a single layer of cells C. It is primarily concerned with secretion D. It usually lines a body cavity E. It usually contains little matrix and is usually poorly vascularised 13. Which of the following fibers give tendons their high tensile strength? A. Reticular fibres B. Elastic fibers C. Collagen fibers D. Actin and myosin E. keratin 14. The urinary bladder can stretch because it is lined with: A. simple squamous epithelium B. stratified cuboidal epithelium C. transitional epithelium D. simple columnar epithelium E. loose connective tissue 15. An epithelium "built" to withstand friction is: A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. pseudostratified columnar D. stratified squamous E. simple columnar 16. Because this type of tissue is so thin, it is concerned primarily with the movement of various substances across the membranes from one body compartment to another: A. simple cuboidal epithelium B. loose fibrous connective tissue C. simple squamous epithelium D. transitional epithelium 17. Which of the following is considered a unicellular exocrine gland? A. mast cell B. plasma cell C. fibroblast D. adipocytes E. goblet cell Page 5 18. Which of the following is true about the adipose connective tissue? A. Increased adipose tissue mass (obesity) has been associated with chronic inflammation and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) B. Both white fat and brown fat are necessary for ATP production C. On average, females need at least 3% body fat to maintain healthy status of their reproductive system D. none of the above 19. The region of the neuron where the action potential is first generated is called the: A. soma B. Nissl body C. dendrite D. axon hillock E. node of Ranvier 20. The term saltatory conduction refers to the: A. jumping of an action potential across the synapse B. movement of sodium ions into the cell during depolarization C. one-way conduction of a nerve impulse across a synapse D. action of the sodium potassium pump E. propagation of a nerve impulse along a myelinated axon 21. The plasma membrane of a resting neuron is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions because the membrane has: A. more voltage-gated sodium ion channels B. more ligand-gated potassium ion channels C. more potassium leakage channels D. fewer voltage-gated sodium ion channels E. more carrier molecules for potassium ions 22. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron, the next event is: A. immediate release of neurotransmitter B. uptake of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft C. diffusion of calcium ions out of the cell D. diffusion of calcium ions into the cell E. active transport of calcium ions out of the cell Page 6 23. Dendrites: A. conduct action potentials away from the cell body B. are generally long and unbranched C. form synapses with the microglia D. respond to neurotransmitters binding to their receptors by producing local action potentials E. respond to neurotransmitters binding to their receptors by producing local graded potentials 24. Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the central nervous system are called: A. nuclei B. nerves C. ganglia D. tracts E. none of the above 25. During the depolarizing phase of an action potential, which of the following is the primary activity? A. Potassium ions are flowing into the cell B. Potassium ions are flowing out of the cell C. Sodium ions are flowing into the cell D. Sodium ions are flowing out of the cell E. Neurotransmitter is diffusing into the cell