WGU 785 Final Exam latest
2021 with complete verified
solutions
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids?
(correct answers)His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
(correct answers)Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
(correct answers)The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA
Polymerase, and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
(correct answers)1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and add DNA
polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building a new DNA
strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER)
(correct answers)How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by harmful
molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
,DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
(correct answers)replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch pair gets through.
MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA polymerase tries again.
(Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
(correct answers)When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T instead of G-C.
DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
(correct answers)TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and matches them
to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
What is needed for DNA replication?
(correct answers)DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
(correct answers)Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense because it is no more.
Silent Mutation
(correct answers)Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the change doesn't
change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
(correct answers)Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid. Missense = mistake
was made.
, What happends during RNA splicing?
(correct answers)During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
(correct answers)3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go L-R with the
complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
(correct answers)5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3'
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is RNA. RNA doesn't
have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC - coding strand, AUC -
mRNA strand)
(correct answers)This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of the protein. (look
at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
DNA replication process
(correct answers)DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
(correct answers)This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid that
has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or - charge.
2021 with complete verified
solutions
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids?
(correct answers)His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
(correct answers)Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
(correct answers)The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA
Polymerase, and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
(correct answers)1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and add DNA
polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building a new DNA
strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER)
(correct answers)How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by harmful
molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
,DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
(correct answers)replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch pair gets through.
MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA polymerase tries again.
(Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
(correct answers)When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T instead of G-C.
DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
(correct answers)TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and matches them
to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
What is needed for DNA replication?
(correct answers)DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
(correct answers)Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense because it is no more.
Silent Mutation
(correct answers)Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the change doesn't
change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
(correct answers)Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid. Missense = mistake
was made.
, What happends during RNA splicing?
(correct answers)During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
(correct answers)3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go L-R with the
complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
(correct answers)5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3'
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is RNA. RNA doesn't
have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC - coding strand, AUC -
mRNA strand)
(correct answers)This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of the protein. (look
at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
DNA replication process
(correct answers)DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
(correct answers)This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid that
has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or - charge.
