nursing
A baseball player was hit in the head with a bat during
practice. In the emergency department, the physician
tells the family that he has a "coup" injury.How will
the nurse explain this to the family so they can
understand?
A)"It's like squeezing an orange so tight that the juice runs
out of the top."
B)"Your son has a huge laceration inside his brain where the
bat hit his skull."
C)"Your son has a contusion of the brain at the site where the
bat hit his head."
D)"When the bat hit his head, his neck jerked backward
causing injury to the spine."
A male newborn infant has been diagnosed with spina
bifida occulta. Which of the following
pathophysiological processes has most likely
contributed to the infant's health problem?
A)The neural groove failed to fuse and completely close
across the top of the neural plate.
B)The infant's spinal cord and meninges protrude through his
skin.
C)The child's central and peripheral nervous systems have
insufficiently differentiated during embryonic development.
D)The infant's soma and viscera are underdeveloped.
A patient in the intensive care unit who has a brain
tumor has experienced a sharp decline.The care team
suspects that water and protein have crossed the
blood-brain barrier and been transferred from the
vascular space into the client's interstitial space.
Which of the following diagnoses best captures this
pathophysiology?
A)Focal hypoxia
B)Cytotoxic edema
,C)Hydrocephalus
D)Vasogenic edema
Following a knee injury, a football player is taking
ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for
the control of pain.Which of the following drug actions
is most likely to result in diminished sensation of pain
for the player?
A)The drug inhibits communication by third-order neurons
between the thalamus and cerebral cortex.
B)The drug inhibits the enzyme needed for prostaglandin
synthesis.
C)The drug changes the postexcitatory potential in C fibers,
leading to pain sensitization.
D)The drug slows the conduction velocity of myelinated Aδ
fibers in the pain pat
When reviewing the purpose/action of
neurotransmitters as they interact with different
receptors, the nursing instructor gives an example
using acetylcholine.When acetylcholine is released at
the sinoatrial node in the right atrium of the heart, it
is
A)positively charged.
B)inhibitory.
C)overstimulated.
D)dormant.
The neurotransmitter GABA mainly functions to trigger
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Therefore,
when explaining this to a group of nursing students,
the nurse will state that
A)it takes at least three chemical substances (amino acids,
neuropeptides, and monoamines) to stimulate any activity
between the cells.
B)there is a symbiotic relationship; therefore, the end result
,will be depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
C)the combination of GABA with a receptor site is inhibitory
since it causes the local nerve membrane to become
hyperpolarized and less excitable.
D)the neurotransmitters will interact with cholinergic
receptors to bind to acetylcholine in order to produce
hypopolarization within the cell.
Match the pain theory to the correct physiologic basis
for the pain.
1. Light touch applied to the skin would produce the
sensation of touch through low-frequency firing of the
receptor. B. Pattern theory
2. Repeated sweeping of a soft-bristled brush on the skin
over or near a painful area may result in pain reduction for
several minutes. C. Gate control theory
3. Proposes that the brain contains a widely distributed
neural network that contains somatosensory, limbic, and
thalamocortical components. D. Neuromatrix theory
4. Describes how an acute injury is predicted to be but does
not take into account the person's feelings of how the pain
feels to him or her. A. Specificity theory
A 22-year-old female college student is shocked to
receive a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. What are
the etiology and most likely treatment for her health
problem?
A)Autoimmune destruction of skeletal muscle cells; treatment
with intensive physical therapy and anabolic steroids
B)A decline in functioning acetylcholine receptors; treatment
with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins
C)Cerebellar lesions; surgical and immunosuppressive
treatment
, D)Excess acetylcholinesterase production; treatment with
thymectomy
Following a car accident of a male teenager who did
not have his seatbelt on, he arrived in the emergency
department with a traumatic brain injury.He has
severe cerebral edema following emergent
craniotomy. Throughout the night, the nurse has been
monitoring and reporting changes in his assessment.
Which of the following assessments correspond to a
supratentorial herniation that has progressed to
include midbrain involvement? Select all that apply.
A)Clouding of consciousness
B)Decorticate posturing with painful stimulation
C)Pupils fixed at approximately 5 mm in diameter
D)Respiration rate of 40 breaths/minute
E)Decerebrate posturing following painful stimulation of the
sternum
The unique clinical presentation of a 3-month-old
infant in the emergency department leads the care
team to suspect botulism.Which of the following
assessment questions posed to the parents is likely to
be most useful in the differential diagnosis?
A)"Have you ever given your child any honey or honey-
containing products?"
B)"Is there any family history of neuromuscular diseases?"
C)"Has your baby ever been directly exposed to any chemical
cleaning products?"
D)"Is there any mold in your home that you know of?"
If the patient's dorsal columns are not functioning, the
nurse will observe which of the following responses
during neurotesting, where the nurse asks the patient
to close his eyes and then proceeds to touch
corresponding parts of the body on each side
A baseball player was hit in the head with a bat during
practice. In the emergency department, the physician
tells the family that he has a "coup" injury.How will
the nurse explain this to the family so they can
understand?
A)"It's like squeezing an orange so tight that the juice runs
out of the top."
B)"Your son has a huge laceration inside his brain where the
bat hit his skull."
C)"Your son has a contusion of the brain at the site where the
bat hit his head."
D)"When the bat hit his head, his neck jerked backward
causing injury to the spine."
A male newborn infant has been diagnosed with spina
bifida occulta. Which of the following
pathophysiological processes has most likely
contributed to the infant's health problem?
A)The neural groove failed to fuse and completely close
across the top of the neural plate.
B)The infant's spinal cord and meninges protrude through his
skin.
C)The child's central and peripheral nervous systems have
insufficiently differentiated during embryonic development.
D)The infant's soma and viscera are underdeveloped.
A patient in the intensive care unit who has a brain
tumor has experienced a sharp decline.The care team
suspects that water and protein have crossed the
blood-brain barrier and been transferred from the
vascular space into the client's interstitial space.
Which of the following diagnoses best captures this
pathophysiology?
A)Focal hypoxia
B)Cytotoxic edema
,C)Hydrocephalus
D)Vasogenic edema
Following a knee injury, a football player is taking
ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for
the control of pain.Which of the following drug actions
is most likely to result in diminished sensation of pain
for the player?
A)The drug inhibits communication by third-order neurons
between the thalamus and cerebral cortex.
B)The drug inhibits the enzyme needed for prostaglandin
synthesis.
C)The drug changes the postexcitatory potential in C fibers,
leading to pain sensitization.
D)The drug slows the conduction velocity of myelinated Aδ
fibers in the pain pat
When reviewing the purpose/action of
neurotransmitters as they interact with different
receptors, the nursing instructor gives an example
using acetylcholine.When acetylcholine is released at
the sinoatrial node in the right atrium of the heart, it
is
A)positively charged.
B)inhibitory.
C)overstimulated.
D)dormant.
The neurotransmitter GABA mainly functions to trigger
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Therefore,
when explaining this to a group of nursing students,
the nurse will state that
A)it takes at least three chemical substances (amino acids,
neuropeptides, and monoamines) to stimulate any activity
between the cells.
B)there is a symbiotic relationship; therefore, the end result
,will be depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
C)the combination of GABA with a receptor site is inhibitory
since it causes the local nerve membrane to become
hyperpolarized and less excitable.
D)the neurotransmitters will interact with cholinergic
receptors to bind to acetylcholine in order to produce
hypopolarization within the cell.
Match the pain theory to the correct physiologic basis
for the pain.
1. Light touch applied to the skin would produce the
sensation of touch through low-frequency firing of the
receptor. B. Pattern theory
2. Repeated sweeping of a soft-bristled brush on the skin
over or near a painful area may result in pain reduction for
several minutes. C. Gate control theory
3. Proposes that the brain contains a widely distributed
neural network that contains somatosensory, limbic, and
thalamocortical components. D. Neuromatrix theory
4. Describes how an acute injury is predicted to be but does
not take into account the person's feelings of how the pain
feels to him or her. A. Specificity theory
A 22-year-old female college student is shocked to
receive a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. What are
the etiology and most likely treatment for her health
problem?
A)Autoimmune destruction of skeletal muscle cells; treatment
with intensive physical therapy and anabolic steroids
B)A decline in functioning acetylcholine receptors; treatment
with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins
C)Cerebellar lesions; surgical and immunosuppressive
treatment
, D)Excess acetylcholinesterase production; treatment with
thymectomy
Following a car accident of a male teenager who did
not have his seatbelt on, he arrived in the emergency
department with a traumatic brain injury.He has
severe cerebral edema following emergent
craniotomy. Throughout the night, the nurse has been
monitoring and reporting changes in his assessment.
Which of the following assessments correspond to a
supratentorial herniation that has progressed to
include midbrain involvement? Select all that apply.
A)Clouding of consciousness
B)Decorticate posturing with painful stimulation
C)Pupils fixed at approximately 5 mm in diameter
D)Respiration rate of 40 breaths/minute
E)Decerebrate posturing following painful stimulation of the
sternum
The unique clinical presentation of a 3-month-old
infant in the emergency department leads the care
team to suspect botulism.Which of the following
assessment questions posed to the parents is likely to
be most useful in the differential diagnosis?
A)"Have you ever given your child any honey or honey-
containing products?"
B)"Is there any family history of neuromuscular diseases?"
C)"Has your baby ever been directly exposed to any chemical
cleaning products?"
D)"Is there any mold in your home that you know of?"
If the patient's dorsal columns are not functioning, the
nurse will observe which of the following responses
during neurotesting, where the nurse asks the patient
to close his eyes and then proceeds to touch
corresponding parts of the body on each side
