PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.
NUR2790 PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.
PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Cellular regulation is the process of cellular responses in order to undergo reproduction, differentiation,
and proliferation. There are many factors that can alter cellular growth and function. To understand this
concept there are some term you need to be familiar with:
• Neoplasm also referred to as a tumor, is an abnormal mass of cells. A neoplasm can be benign
or malignant.
• Benign not cancerous; does not metastasize.
• Malignant invade and destroy nearby tissues and spread via metastasis.
• Metastasis spread of malignant tumor to a location distant to the primary neoplasm.
Risk Factors
Alteration in cellular regulation can lead to the development of cancer. There are risk factors that promote
the development of this life-altering disease process. Some of these factors include:
• Age
• Heredity
• Environment
o Pollution
o Radiation
o Work exposure
• Lifestyle
o Smoking
o Diet
o Risky sexual behaviors
o Drug use
Exemplars
When alteration in cellular regulation happens, some of the following disease can develop:
• Cancer
o Leukemia
o Breast cancer
o Prostate cancer
o Lung cancer
o Colon cancer
o Skin cancer
• Anemia
o Sickle cell anemia
Treatment
,PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.
Treatment for alteration in cellular regulation can include:
• Surgery
, PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone therapy
• Stem Cell transplantation
• Complementary and Alternative therapy
THE PROCESS OF CHANGING A NORMAL CELL INTO A CANCER CELL IS CALLED MALIGNANT
TRANSFORMATION
THE ORIGINAL TUMOR IS CALLED THE PRIMARY TUMOR AND IS IDENTIFIED BY THE TISSUE
FORM WHICH IT ARROSE, SUCH AS IN BREAST CANCER OR LUNG CANCER
METASTASIS OCCURS WHEN CANCER CELLS MOVE FROM THE PRIMARY LOCATION BY. BREAKING
OFF FORM THE ORIGINAL GROUP AND ESTABLISHING REMOTE COLONIES CALLED METATSTATIC
OR SECONDARY TUMORS
CANCER CELLS:
ANAPLASIA: LOSES ITS SPECIFIC APPEARANCE
LARGER THAN NORMAL NUCLEUS
POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND SERVES NO PURPOSE OR FUNCTION
DOES NOT BIND TO OTHER CELLS AND CAN MOVE THROUGH BLOOD VESSEL
WALLS OR TO OTHER TISSUES (METASTASIZE)
HAVE AN UNLIMITED LIFE SPAN AND CONTINUE TO GROW REGARDLESS OF CELLS
AROUND IT
ABNORMAL # OF CHROMOSOMES
MUCOSITIS
INFLAMMATION AND ULCERATION OF THE LINING OF THE MOUTH, THROAT, GI TRACT
BEGINS WITH DRY MOUTH AND CHAPPED LIPS, PROGRESSES TO PAINFUIL WHITE
PATCHES AND ULCERATION
RF LESS THAN 20 YO, HEMATOLOGIC OR HEAD/NECK CA, ORAL DISEASE, CHEMO
OR RADIATION THERAPY
TX TOPICAL AGENS (SUCRALFATE, BENADRYL) OR CRYOTHERAPY (ICE CHIPS) ANDSOFT
LASER THERAPY
GOOD ORAL HYGIEN, INCREASE FLUIDS, EAT SOFT FOODS, AVOID ACIDIC OR IRRITATING
FOODS, AND COOL/ROOM TEMP
ANEMIA
HGB < 12 G/dL AND HCT < 36%
S&S: FATIGUE, SOB, CHEST PAIN, TACHYCARDIA, HA, PALLOR, MENTAL STATUS CHANGE
NUR2790 PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.
PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Cellular regulation is the process of cellular responses in order to undergo reproduction, differentiation,
and proliferation. There are many factors that can alter cellular growth and function. To understand this
concept there are some term you need to be familiar with:
• Neoplasm also referred to as a tumor, is an abnormal mass of cells. A neoplasm can be benign
or malignant.
• Benign not cancerous; does not metastasize.
• Malignant invade and destroy nearby tissues and spread via metastasis.
• Metastasis spread of malignant tumor to a location distant to the primary neoplasm.
Risk Factors
Alteration in cellular regulation can lead to the development of cancer. There are risk factors that promote
the development of this life-altering disease process. Some of these factors include:
• Age
• Heredity
• Environment
o Pollution
o Radiation
o Work exposure
• Lifestyle
o Smoking
o Diet
o Risky sexual behaviors
o Drug use
Exemplars
When alteration in cellular regulation happens, some of the following disease can develop:
• Cancer
o Leukemia
o Breast cancer
o Prostate cancer
o Lung cancer
o Colon cancer
o Skin cancer
• Anemia
o Sickle cell anemia
Treatment
,PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.
Treatment for alteration in cellular regulation can include:
• Surgery
, PN3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone therapy
• Stem Cell transplantation
• Complementary and Alternative therapy
THE PROCESS OF CHANGING A NORMAL CELL INTO A CANCER CELL IS CALLED MALIGNANT
TRANSFORMATION
THE ORIGINAL TUMOR IS CALLED THE PRIMARY TUMOR AND IS IDENTIFIED BY THE TISSUE
FORM WHICH IT ARROSE, SUCH AS IN BREAST CANCER OR LUNG CANCER
METASTASIS OCCURS WHEN CANCER CELLS MOVE FROM THE PRIMARY LOCATION BY. BREAKING
OFF FORM THE ORIGINAL GROUP AND ESTABLISHING REMOTE COLONIES CALLED METATSTATIC
OR SECONDARY TUMORS
CANCER CELLS:
ANAPLASIA: LOSES ITS SPECIFIC APPEARANCE
LARGER THAN NORMAL NUCLEUS
POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND SERVES NO PURPOSE OR FUNCTION
DOES NOT BIND TO OTHER CELLS AND CAN MOVE THROUGH BLOOD VESSEL
WALLS OR TO OTHER TISSUES (METASTASIZE)
HAVE AN UNLIMITED LIFE SPAN AND CONTINUE TO GROW REGARDLESS OF CELLS
AROUND IT
ABNORMAL # OF CHROMOSOMES
MUCOSITIS
INFLAMMATION AND ULCERATION OF THE LINING OF THE MOUTH, THROAT, GI TRACT
BEGINS WITH DRY MOUTH AND CHAPPED LIPS, PROGRESSES TO PAINFUIL WHITE
PATCHES AND ULCERATION
RF LESS THAN 20 YO, HEMATOLOGIC OR HEAD/NECK CA, ORAL DISEASE, CHEMO
OR RADIATION THERAPY
TX TOPICAL AGENS (SUCRALFATE, BENADRYL) OR CRYOTHERAPY (ICE CHIPS) ANDSOFT
LASER THERAPY
GOOD ORAL HYGIEN, INCREASE FLUIDS, EAT SOFT FOODS, AVOID ACIDIC OR IRRITATING
FOODS, AND COOL/ROOM TEMP
ANEMIA
HGB < 12 G/dL AND HCT < 36%
S&S: FATIGUE, SOB, CHEST PAIN, TACHYCARDIA, HA, PALLOR, MENTAL STATUS CHANGE
