lOMoARcPSD|8981423
Darby Notes
Dental Principles (Niagara College Canada)
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Darby & Walsh 4th Edition Notes
Ch 1: The Dental Hygiene Profession
Dental Hygiene Process of Care
A- the systematic collection of data to identify oral and general health status based on client problems,
needs, and strengths
D- the use of critical errors decision making skills to reach conclusions about the clients dental hygiene
needs based on all available assessment data and evidence in the literature
P- the establishment of realistic goals and outcomes based on the clients needs, experiences, values and
current scientific evidence to plan dental hygiene interventions to facilitate optimal oral health
I- the delivery of dental hygiene services based on the dental hygiene care plan while minimizing risk and
optimizing oral health
E- the reviewing and assessing the outcomes of the dental hygiene care
D-the completion and accurate recording of all collected data, interventions planned and provided
recommendations, and all other information relevant to client care and treatment
Responsibilities of the Dental Hygiene Clinician
Preventative- methods employed to prevent oral disease and promote health (ex. Applying fluoride
varnish to teeth)
Therapeutic- Methods employed to arrest or control oral disease (eg. scaling and root planing
periodontally involved teeth)
Educational- Methods employed in both preventative and therapeutic aspects of clinical dental hygiene
care to explain concepts regarding oral disease and health, to demonstrate self-care techniques, to
reinforce learning, to evaluate understanding, and to determine ability to perform desires behaviors
(brushing and flossing)
Roles
Clinician
● Role of the clinician include assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, evaluating, and
documenting treatment for prevention, intervention, and control of oral diseases, while practicing
in collaboration with other health professionals.
● Educates clients about their oral health and care options, helps them in setting oral health goals
and collaborates with them to meet those goals
● Assess and record findings from social and health histories including risk factors for oral disease
(smoking, systemic disease etc); assess paraoral and intraoral hard and soft tissues and record
findings, remove deposits on teeth using debridement, apply preventative and therapeutic agents
related to periodontal disease (ex, topical fluoride, sealants), expose radiographs, educate clients
on oral health and its relationship to their general health, educate clients about self care
techniques and options for oral health; refer clients to other health professionals for evaluation
and care, evaluate outcomes of dental hygiene care, and document all related information.
● In many jurisdictions, dental hygienists administer local anesthesia and nitrous oxide oxygen
analgesia, make dental impressions and place/or remove periodontal sutures. In some, the place
restorations.
Corporate Dental Hygienists
● Contribute dental hygienists contribute their expertise regarding achieving and maintaining
optimal oral and general health to companies that support the oral health and healthcare industry
through the sale of products and services
1
Downloaded by Martin Hussein ()
, lOMoARcPSD|8981423
● Employed as sales representatives and managers, product researchers, corporate researchers
administrators.
Public Health
● Provide care to those who otherwise would not have access to oral healthcare. They create
community health programs funded by government or nonprofit organizations
● Develop oral health educational materials and protocols for service programs (fluoride rinse
programs for elementary schools, school screenings, etc.)
Researcher
● Tests the assumptions of clinical practice and education and investigates dental hygiene,
problems to improve oral healthcare, the practice of dental hygiene, and educational approaches
for teaching the theory and principles of dental hygiene
● The entry level information that students receive in school is not expected to sustain a lifelong
career because knowledge and technology is forever evolving
Educator
● Work primarily as clinical and classroom instructors, academic faculty, program directors, and
corporate educators
● Responsible for teaching current dental hygiene knowledge through research and providing
public service
● Schools of dentistry often employ a dental hygienist to teach periodontal and preventative oral
health concepts and skills to predoctoral dental students in the classroom, laboratory, and clinical
settings
Administrator
● A person whose official position is to guide and direct the work of others. Responsibilities typically
are associated with the manger including planning, assessing, decision making, organizing,
staffing, and directing. They serve as clinical directors, educational program directors or deans,
executive directors of professional associations and non-profit organizations, research
administrators, or sale managers.
Entrepreneur
● Uses imagination and creativity to start or finance or new business or commercial endeavour.
Dental hygienists have been successful in a variety of enterprises and opportunities continue to
expand. The term entrepreneur implies taking a risk to achieve this goal. The dental hygiene must
have skills and abilities in leadership, team building, negotiation and consensus building.
Ch 2: Human Needs
Why do dental hygienists need to understand this theory?
- This theory explains that need fulfillment dominates human activity, and behavior is organized in
relation to unsatisfied needs
- When someone comes into your office searching for only whitening, you must treat their
immediate issues that could cause health issues. If you do not do this, it is considered
negligence.
- Using this theory will help us understand the relationship between human need fulfilment and
human behavior
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self actualization - Personal growth and development (learning how to
brush your teeth the correct way, and successfully doing so)
2
Downloaded by Martin Hussein ()
, lOMoARcPSD|8981423
Self esteem - how you feel about yourself (confidence)
Love and belonging - fitting in (culturally, and with a family)
Safety and stability - physical safety (living in a safe neighborhood without
violence) and mental safety
Physiological needs - food, water, shelter
8 Human Needs Related to Dental Hygiene Care
1. Protection from health risks
a. A need for an immediate referral regarding an uncontrolled disease
b. Premedication
c. Lifestyle that post a threat to oral health (athletes who play a sport with no mouthguard)
2. Freedom from fear and stress
a. Fear or stress from treatment provided
b. Concern from any of the following
i. Cost of care
ii. Infection control
iii. Radiation exposure
iv. Mercury toxicity
v. Fluoride therapies
c. Bruxism
d. Substance abuse
e. Perspiration
3. Freedom of head and neck pain
a. IO/EO sensitivity
b. Use of pain medication
c. Discomfort or pain during DH appointments
d. Excessive perspiration
e. Difficulty or discomfort moving hands/feet/joints etc.
4. Wholesome facial image
a. Bad breath
b. Appearance of teeth, gingiva, facial profile
5. Skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck
a. IO/EO lesions, tenderness, or swelling
b. Gingival inflammation
c. BOP
d. Probing depths or clinical attachment loss >4mm
e. IO?EO manifestations of nutritional deficiencies
f. Eating disorder evidence
6. Biologically sound and functional dentition
a. Difficulty chewing
b. Defective restorations
c. Missing teeth
d. Ill-fitting prosthetic appliances
e. Active caries
f. No examination by a dentist in the past 2 years
g. High daily sugar intake
h. biofilm/stain/calculus
i. Eating disorder evidence
7. Conceptualization and Problem Solving
3
Downloaded by Martin Hussein ()
Darby Notes
Dental Principles (Niagara College Canada)
StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Martin Hussein ()
, lOMoARcPSD|8981423
Darby & Walsh 4th Edition Notes
Ch 1: The Dental Hygiene Profession
Dental Hygiene Process of Care
A- the systematic collection of data to identify oral and general health status based on client problems,
needs, and strengths
D- the use of critical errors decision making skills to reach conclusions about the clients dental hygiene
needs based on all available assessment data and evidence in the literature
P- the establishment of realistic goals and outcomes based on the clients needs, experiences, values and
current scientific evidence to plan dental hygiene interventions to facilitate optimal oral health
I- the delivery of dental hygiene services based on the dental hygiene care plan while minimizing risk and
optimizing oral health
E- the reviewing and assessing the outcomes of the dental hygiene care
D-the completion and accurate recording of all collected data, interventions planned and provided
recommendations, and all other information relevant to client care and treatment
Responsibilities of the Dental Hygiene Clinician
Preventative- methods employed to prevent oral disease and promote health (ex. Applying fluoride
varnish to teeth)
Therapeutic- Methods employed to arrest or control oral disease (eg. scaling and root planing
periodontally involved teeth)
Educational- Methods employed in both preventative and therapeutic aspects of clinical dental hygiene
care to explain concepts regarding oral disease and health, to demonstrate self-care techniques, to
reinforce learning, to evaluate understanding, and to determine ability to perform desires behaviors
(brushing and flossing)
Roles
Clinician
● Role of the clinician include assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, evaluating, and
documenting treatment for prevention, intervention, and control of oral diseases, while practicing
in collaboration with other health professionals.
● Educates clients about their oral health and care options, helps them in setting oral health goals
and collaborates with them to meet those goals
● Assess and record findings from social and health histories including risk factors for oral disease
(smoking, systemic disease etc); assess paraoral and intraoral hard and soft tissues and record
findings, remove deposits on teeth using debridement, apply preventative and therapeutic agents
related to periodontal disease (ex, topical fluoride, sealants), expose radiographs, educate clients
on oral health and its relationship to their general health, educate clients about self care
techniques and options for oral health; refer clients to other health professionals for evaluation
and care, evaluate outcomes of dental hygiene care, and document all related information.
● In many jurisdictions, dental hygienists administer local anesthesia and nitrous oxide oxygen
analgesia, make dental impressions and place/or remove periodontal sutures. In some, the place
restorations.
Corporate Dental Hygienists
● Contribute dental hygienists contribute their expertise regarding achieving and maintaining
optimal oral and general health to companies that support the oral health and healthcare industry
through the sale of products and services
1
Downloaded by Martin Hussein ()
, lOMoARcPSD|8981423
● Employed as sales representatives and managers, product researchers, corporate researchers
administrators.
Public Health
● Provide care to those who otherwise would not have access to oral healthcare. They create
community health programs funded by government or nonprofit organizations
● Develop oral health educational materials and protocols for service programs (fluoride rinse
programs for elementary schools, school screenings, etc.)
Researcher
● Tests the assumptions of clinical practice and education and investigates dental hygiene,
problems to improve oral healthcare, the practice of dental hygiene, and educational approaches
for teaching the theory and principles of dental hygiene
● The entry level information that students receive in school is not expected to sustain a lifelong
career because knowledge and technology is forever evolving
Educator
● Work primarily as clinical and classroom instructors, academic faculty, program directors, and
corporate educators
● Responsible for teaching current dental hygiene knowledge through research and providing
public service
● Schools of dentistry often employ a dental hygienist to teach periodontal and preventative oral
health concepts and skills to predoctoral dental students in the classroom, laboratory, and clinical
settings
Administrator
● A person whose official position is to guide and direct the work of others. Responsibilities typically
are associated with the manger including planning, assessing, decision making, organizing,
staffing, and directing. They serve as clinical directors, educational program directors or deans,
executive directors of professional associations and non-profit organizations, research
administrators, or sale managers.
Entrepreneur
● Uses imagination and creativity to start or finance or new business or commercial endeavour.
Dental hygienists have been successful in a variety of enterprises and opportunities continue to
expand. The term entrepreneur implies taking a risk to achieve this goal. The dental hygiene must
have skills and abilities in leadership, team building, negotiation and consensus building.
Ch 2: Human Needs
Why do dental hygienists need to understand this theory?
- This theory explains that need fulfillment dominates human activity, and behavior is organized in
relation to unsatisfied needs
- When someone comes into your office searching for only whitening, you must treat their
immediate issues that could cause health issues. If you do not do this, it is considered
negligence.
- Using this theory will help us understand the relationship between human need fulfilment and
human behavior
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self actualization - Personal growth and development (learning how to
brush your teeth the correct way, and successfully doing so)
2
Downloaded by Martin Hussein ()
, lOMoARcPSD|8981423
Self esteem - how you feel about yourself (confidence)
Love and belonging - fitting in (culturally, and with a family)
Safety and stability - physical safety (living in a safe neighborhood without
violence) and mental safety
Physiological needs - food, water, shelter
8 Human Needs Related to Dental Hygiene Care
1. Protection from health risks
a. A need for an immediate referral regarding an uncontrolled disease
b. Premedication
c. Lifestyle that post a threat to oral health (athletes who play a sport with no mouthguard)
2. Freedom from fear and stress
a. Fear or stress from treatment provided
b. Concern from any of the following
i. Cost of care
ii. Infection control
iii. Radiation exposure
iv. Mercury toxicity
v. Fluoride therapies
c. Bruxism
d. Substance abuse
e. Perspiration
3. Freedom of head and neck pain
a. IO/EO sensitivity
b. Use of pain medication
c. Discomfort or pain during DH appointments
d. Excessive perspiration
e. Difficulty or discomfort moving hands/feet/joints etc.
4. Wholesome facial image
a. Bad breath
b. Appearance of teeth, gingiva, facial profile
5. Skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck
a. IO/EO lesions, tenderness, or swelling
b. Gingival inflammation
c. BOP
d. Probing depths or clinical attachment loss >4mm
e. IO?EO manifestations of nutritional deficiencies
f. Eating disorder evidence
6. Biologically sound and functional dentition
a. Difficulty chewing
b. Defective restorations
c. Missing teeth
d. Ill-fitting prosthetic appliances
e. Active caries
f. No examination by a dentist in the past 2 years
g. High daily sugar intake
h. biofilm/stain/calculus
i. Eating disorder evidence
7. Conceptualization and Problem Solving
3
Downloaded by Martin Hussein ()
