BIOL 235 Final Exam Guide

BIOL 235 Final Exam Guide. Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to 1. describe the functions of blood. 2. describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood. 3. list the major components of plasma and explain their importance. 4. explain the origin of blood cells. 5. describe the structure, functions, life cycle and production of red blood cells. 6. describe the structure, functions and production of white blood cells. 7. describe the structure, function and origin of platelets. 8. describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis. 9. identify the stages of blood clotting, and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting. 10. explain the ABO and Rh blood groups. 11. explain why it is essential to match donor and recipient blood types before administering a transfusion. Keywords and Topics Make certain that you can define, and use in context, each of the terms listed below, and that you understand the significance of each of the concepts. 1. Describe the functions of blood. 1. blood 2. interstitial fluid 3. functions of blood 2. Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood. 1. physical characteristics of blood 3. List the major components of plasma and explain their importance. 1. components of blood 1. buffy coat 2. plasma 1. plasma proteins 2. albumins 3. globulins 4. fibrinogen 5. antibodies or immunoglobulins 3. formed elements 1. red blood cells (RBCs) 2. white blood cells (WBCs) 3. platelets 4. hematocrit 5. polycythemia 4. Explain the origin of blood cells. 1. formation of blood cells 1. hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis 2. red bone marrow 3. pluripotent stem cells 4. progenitor cells 5. precursor cells or blasts 6. hemopoietic growth factors 7. erythropoietin or EPO 8. thrombopoietin or T