Chapter 01: Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Frazier & Drzymkowski: Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Signs of disease
a. always cause symptoms.
b. rarely correlate with symptoms.
c. include abnormal objective findings.
d. are always described by the patient.
ANS: C
Signs, or abnormal objective findings, are the evidence of disease found by physical examination and d
disease often correlate with the symptoms.
REF: 2 OBJ: 2
2. Predisposing factors of disease
a. precisely predict the occurrence of disease.
b. make a person or group more vulnerable to disease.
c. never overlap or occur in combination.
d. can all be controlled by prevention.
ANS: B
A person may be susceptible to a greater or lesser degree, due to one or more risk factors that overlap o
Predisposing factors include age, gender, lifestyle, environment, heredity, and immunodeficiency.
REF: 3 OBJ: 3
3. Genetic diseases may be
a. produced by an abnormality in or mutation of the genetic code in a single gene.
b. caused by several abnormal genes.
c. caused by the abnormal presence or absence of a chromosome or an alteration of
the structure of chromosomes.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
Genetic predisposition (inheritance) currently is considered a major risk factor. Hereditary factors in di
in successive generations are likely to affect males and females equally. Hereditary or genetic diseases
the combined effects of inheritance and environmental factors.
REF: 8 OBJ: 8
4. Benign tumors
a. tend to remain encapsulated.
b. infiltrate surrounding tissue.
c. do not compress surrounding tissue or obstruct organs.
d. do not resemble the tissue of origin.
ANS: A
Benign tumors usually develop slowly and can arise from any tissue. They tend to remain encapsulated
surrounding tissue.
REF: 10 OBJ: 7
5. Malignant tumors
a. tend to infiltrate other tissue.
b. tend to bleed, ulcerate, and become infected.
c. may spread to distant sites in the body.
, 7. The tumor Gleason grade reflects
a. the stage of the tumor.
b. the degree of abnormal microscopic appearance of the tumor cells.
c. the location of the tumor.
d. none of the above.
ANS: B
The Gleason grade correlates with extent of disease throughout the body and with prognosis. Analysis
is performed, and the two predominant patterns are recorded and scored from 1 to 5 (1 represents a wel
is the most poorly differentiated).
REF: 13 OBJ: 10
8. Which of the following most correctly states the sequence of an allergic response within the body?
a. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies enter the body and produce an allergen.
b. The release of histamine sensitizes mast cells and produces symptoms.
c. Exposure to allergen stimulates production of IgE antibodies that can
subsequently trigger symptoms of allergy.
d. Histamine produces mast cells, which stimulate plasma cells.
ANS: C
Initial exposure to an allergen, which acts as an antigen (a substance that causes the allergic response)
IgE antibodies, and the person thus is sensitized.
REF: 18 OBJ: 14
9. Systemic manifestation(s) of severe allergic responses include
a. arthralgia.
b. status asthmaticus.
c. anaphylaxis.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
Severe systemic manifestations of allergic responses include anaphylaxis, serum sickness, arthralgia, a
example, anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock), the result of a severe systemic allergic reaction, calls for em
intervention.
REF: 17 OBJ: 14
10. Which of the following most accurately states the orderly steps in making a diagnosis?
a. Medical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, diagnosis, integration of
results, treatment
b. Medical history, diagnostic tests, physical examination, treatment plan
c. Physical examination, medical history, radiographs, prognosis, integration of all
information
d. Comparison of normals, physical examination, history, treatment plan, prognosis
ANS: A
Establishing a diagnosis is a decision-making process in which data collected from the medical history
diagnostic tests are analyzed, integrated, and interpreted. A diagnosis provides a logical basis for determ
prognosis.
REF: 21 OBJ: 16
11. Mechanical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response are
a. risk factors for disease.
b. the combined effects of inheritance and environmental factors.
c. included in the body’s natural defense system against infection.
d. agents that damage deoxyribonucleic acid.
ANS: C
Frazier & Drzymkowski: Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Signs of disease
a. always cause symptoms.
b. rarely correlate with symptoms.
c. include abnormal objective findings.
d. are always described by the patient.
ANS: C
Signs, or abnormal objective findings, are the evidence of disease found by physical examination and d
disease often correlate with the symptoms.
REF: 2 OBJ: 2
2. Predisposing factors of disease
a. precisely predict the occurrence of disease.
b. make a person or group more vulnerable to disease.
c. never overlap or occur in combination.
d. can all be controlled by prevention.
ANS: B
A person may be susceptible to a greater or lesser degree, due to one or more risk factors that overlap o
Predisposing factors include age, gender, lifestyle, environment, heredity, and immunodeficiency.
REF: 3 OBJ: 3
3. Genetic diseases may be
a. produced by an abnormality in or mutation of the genetic code in a single gene.
b. caused by several abnormal genes.
c. caused by the abnormal presence or absence of a chromosome or an alteration of
the structure of chromosomes.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
Genetic predisposition (inheritance) currently is considered a major risk factor. Hereditary factors in di
in successive generations are likely to affect males and females equally. Hereditary or genetic diseases
the combined effects of inheritance and environmental factors.
REF: 8 OBJ: 8
4. Benign tumors
a. tend to remain encapsulated.
b. infiltrate surrounding tissue.
c. do not compress surrounding tissue or obstruct organs.
d. do not resemble the tissue of origin.
ANS: A
Benign tumors usually develop slowly and can arise from any tissue. They tend to remain encapsulated
surrounding tissue.
REF: 10 OBJ: 7
5. Malignant tumors
a. tend to infiltrate other tissue.
b. tend to bleed, ulcerate, and become infected.
c. may spread to distant sites in the body.
, 7. The tumor Gleason grade reflects
a. the stage of the tumor.
b. the degree of abnormal microscopic appearance of the tumor cells.
c. the location of the tumor.
d. none of the above.
ANS: B
The Gleason grade correlates with extent of disease throughout the body and with prognosis. Analysis
is performed, and the two predominant patterns are recorded and scored from 1 to 5 (1 represents a wel
is the most poorly differentiated).
REF: 13 OBJ: 10
8. Which of the following most correctly states the sequence of an allergic response within the body?
a. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies enter the body and produce an allergen.
b. The release of histamine sensitizes mast cells and produces symptoms.
c. Exposure to allergen stimulates production of IgE antibodies that can
subsequently trigger symptoms of allergy.
d. Histamine produces mast cells, which stimulate plasma cells.
ANS: C
Initial exposure to an allergen, which acts as an antigen (a substance that causes the allergic response)
IgE antibodies, and the person thus is sensitized.
REF: 18 OBJ: 14
9. Systemic manifestation(s) of severe allergic responses include
a. arthralgia.
b. status asthmaticus.
c. anaphylaxis.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
Severe systemic manifestations of allergic responses include anaphylaxis, serum sickness, arthralgia, a
example, anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock), the result of a severe systemic allergic reaction, calls for em
intervention.
REF: 17 OBJ: 14
10. Which of the following most accurately states the orderly steps in making a diagnosis?
a. Medical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, diagnosis, integration of
results, treatment
b. Medical history, diagnostic tests, physical examination, treatment plan
c. Physical examination, medical history, radiographs, prognosis, integration of all
information
d. Comparison of normals, physical examination, history, treatment plan, prognosis
ANS: A
Establishing a diagnosis is a decision-making process in which data collected from the medical history
diagnostic tests are analyzed, integrated, and interpreted. A diagnosis provides a logical basis for determ
prognosis.
REF: 21 OBJ: 16
11. Mechanical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response are
a. risk factors for disease.
b. the combined effects of inheritance and environmental factors.
c. included in the body’s natural defense system against infection.
d. agents that damage deoxyribonucleic acid.
ANS: C
