BIOS 251 FINAL EXAM
Functions of skin
-Physical barrier to microorganisms, chemical hazards, mechanical abrasion
-Prevents dehydration
-Protects against excess UV exposure (melanin function)
-Thermoregulation
-Excretion of sweat, oil
-Sensation of touch, pressure, pain, temp.
-Vitamin D3 production - helps absorb calcium from diet
Accessory structures of the skin
- hair, glands, nails
Sebaceous (oil) glands
- connected to hair follicles
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
-eccrine sweat glands: most numerous; thermoregulation
-apocrine sweat glands: mainly in hairy skin; body odor
Ceruminous glands
- modified sweat glands located in ear canal
Albinism
- a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the
skin, hair, and eyes due to a defect of an enzyme involved in the production of melanin
Vitiligo
- a chronic disorder that causes depigmentation patches in the skin
, Osteoprogenitor cells
- bone stem cells able to differentiate into other types of cells; in periosteum and endosteum
Osteoblasts
- bone-building cells that secrete matrix; new bone
Osteocytes
-mature bone cells in lacunae
-help repair damaged bone
Osteoclasts
- remodel bones and cause them to release calcium
Parathyroid hormone
-secreted by parathyroid gland when calcium levels drop
-bones shrink
Calcitriol
-stimulated by PTH
-produced by kidneys to increase calcium absorption in intestines
Calcitonin
-made by thyroid works to reduce blood calcium levels
-bones strengthen
Sex hormones
- hormones that help strengthen bones
Functions of skin
-Physical barrier to microorganisms, chemical hazards, mechanical abrasion
-Prevents dehydration
-Protects against excess UV exposure (melanin function)
-Thermoregulation
-Excretion of sweat, oil
-Sensation of touch, pressure, pain, temp.
-Vitamin D3 production - helps absorb calcium from diet
Accessory structures of the skin
- hair, glands, nails
Sebaceous (oil) glands
- connected to hair follicles
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
-eccrine sweat glands: most numerous; thermoregulation
-apocrine sweat glands: mainly in hairy skin; body odor
Ceruminous glands
- modified sweat glands located in ear canal
Albinism
- a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the
skin, hair, and eyes due to a defect of an enzyme involved in the production of melanin
Vitiligo
- a chronic disorder that causes depigmentation patches in the skin
, Osteoprogenitor cells
- bone stem cells able to differentiate into other types of cells; in periosteum and endosteum
Osteoblasts
- bone-building cells that secrete matrix; new bone
Osteocytes
-mature bone cells in lacunae
-help repair damaged bone
Osteoclasts
- remodel bones and cause them to release calcium
Parathyroid hormone
-secreted by parathyroid gland when calcium levels drop
-bones shrink
Calcitriol
-stimulated by PTH
-produced by kidneys to increase calcium absorption in intestines
Calcitonin
-made by thyroid works to reduce blood calcium levels
-bones strengthen
Sex hormones
- hormones that help strengthen bones
