WGU C181 survey of US constitution and government preassessment

Which economic theory is aligned with the political theory of libertarianism? Correct answer- Laissez-faire Which political ideology opposes government control and also values freedom over order? Correct answer- Libertarianism What is an example of equality of opportunity? Correct answer- We all have the same chance to succeed in life Federal law requires that employers pay men and women equally for equal work. Which type of equality is this an example of? Correct answer- Equality of outcome Which process does the majoritarian model of democracy specify for selecting public officials? Correct answer- Popular election of members of Congress Where does sovereign power reside in a republican system of government? Correct answer- The judiciary Which term characterizes the relationship between the federal government and the various state governments under dual federalism? Correct answer- Tension How does the constitutional principle of separation of powers protect liberty? Correct answer- It ensures that all government power does not fall to a single branch of government. How does the Constitution establish the principle of separation of powers? Correct answer- By creating independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches with distinct functions Match each branch of government with the type of power held over another branch of government. Correct answer- Judicial: power to interpret laws legislative: confirmation power executive: power to pardon How can Congress override a presidential veto? Correct answer- If two-thirds of both houses of Congress vote to override it Which clause in the Constitution prevents the federal government from losing power to the states? Correct answer- Supremacy clause Which phrase from the preamble to the Constitution acknowledges the failure of the Articles of Confederation? Correct answer- "In order to form a more perfect union" Which aspect of social contract theory did Thomas Jefferson use as the basis for the Declaration of Independence? Correct answer- People have the right to remove rulers who are no longer serving their purpose What is the significance of Shay's Rebellion? Correct answer- It demonstrated the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Which problem did the Great Compromise remedy? Correct answer- Disagreement between the large and small states over representation in the legislature How did the Bill of Rights resolve Anti-Federalist fears over the scope and power of the national government? Correct answer- By restraining the national government's ability to infringe on fundamental rights and emphasizing the limited power granted to it How did George Washington resolve the crisis over including the Bill of Rights in the Constitution? Correct answer- By proposing to add a list of civil liberties as amendments to the Constitution after ratification by the states What does James Madison hold as the purpose of government in Federalist #10? Correct answer- Government should control the inevitable conflict that comes from factions. Which Congressional powers does the elastic clause establish? Correct answer- Implied powers When does the U.S. government exert the most influence over state governments? Correct answer- During times of national crisis Which part of the Constitution specifically reserves powers for the states? Correct answer- The Tenth Amendment Which constitutional clause did Chief Justice Marshall rely on to uphold that states cannot interfere with federal banks ( McCulloch v. Maryland)? Correct answer- The elastic clause What was the result of the 1965 United Farm Workers union strike in California? Correct answer- It resulted in better housing, pay, and working conditions for farm workers. Until the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education decision, it was legal to educate black and white students separately solely because of perceived racial differences. Which form of segregation did the Supreme Court attack the basis of when making this decision? Correct answer- De jure segregation What were two provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? Correct answer- 1. It guaranteed access to employment for people with physical and mental disabilities. 2. It guaranteed access to employment for people battling alcohol and/or drug addiction. Why does the Fourteenth Amendment include a due process clause when one was already included in the Fifth Amendment? Correct answer- The Fifth Amendment only applies to the federal government, while the Fourteenth Amendment requires states to uphold an individual's right to due process. Which description summarizes a key principle of the Fourteenth Amendment used by the Supreme Court to apply the Bill of Rights to the states? Correct answer- No state shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law. A group of students at a local high school wore T-shirts that illustrated their opposition to the War in Afghanistan. School officials asked the students to change, and they refused. This resulted in suspension of the students. What would the Supreme Court cite to justify this suspension as unconstitutional? Correct answer- Civil liberties In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg leaked classified documents to the New York Times in the hopes of ending the Vietnam War. The United States Justice Department sued the New York Times to prevent these "Pentagon Papers" from being published. Which concept permitted the New York Times to publish the documents? Correct answer- Civil liberties How does the Sixth Amendment protect individuals during a criminal trial? Correct answer- It gives an individual the right to legal representation. How did the Fourteenth Amendment provide greater protection for African Americans' rights? Correct answer- It provided citizenship to those born on American soil. In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent County School District, the Supreme Court heard a case involving public school students who were suspended from school for wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War. How did the Court resolve this case? Correct answer- The Court overturned the suspensions because symbolic expression is a protected form of speech under the First Amendment. Which statement is true about the application of the Sixth Amendment's rights to the states? Correct answer- States must provide an impartial jury for all criminal cases, but the size of the jury may vary. What reasoning did the Supreme Court use in the Brown v. Board of Education decision to overturn the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson? Correct answer- Segregated educational facilities deprive students of equal protection under the law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Which statement describes the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke with regard to admissions policies for state schools? Correct answer- It is unconstitutional for state schools to implement affirmative action programs that use race as the sole consideration in admissions decisions. Which method does the Constitution prescribe for the periodic redistribution of seats in the House of Representatives? Correct answer- Reapportionment Under the Articles of Confederation, a major problem of governance was dealing with trade wars between the various states. How did the Constitution address this issue? Correct answer- By granting Congress the authority to regulate interstate commerce Which institution has the power to impeach the president? Correct answer- The House of Representatives Which example demonstrates checks and balances? Correct answer- The president periodically informing congress of the State of the Union What is an example of a legislative power that is held by the executive branch? Correct answer- The power to veto legislation What is a major factor behind the growth of the federal bureaucracy? Correct answer- An increase in government responsibility What is the purpose of the civil service in the national bureaucracy? Correct answer- It ensures that most employees cannot be hired or fired based purely on political motives. What is one principle of judicial review? Correct answer- The role of the Supreme Court as the final authority on the Constitution What is an example of judicial review? Correct answer- The Supreme Court rules that a state law restricting religious content violates the First Amendment's free speech clause. Which officials make up the president's cabinet? Correct answer- The heads of the departments of the executive branch and a small number of other key advisors Which two responsibilities does the Constitution specifically delegate to the vice president? Correct answer- 1. Taking over the presidency if the president is unable to perform the duties of the office 2. Serving as president of the Senate and voting in the event of a tie Why do members of minority groups often hold similar views about issues relating to social equality? Correct answer- They tend to be targets of racial prejudice and therefore support programs to improve equality. What is most likely to occur in the future if college students engage in political activity on campus politics? Correct answer- They are more likely to remain politically active throughout their life. How would communitarians most likely prioritize the values of order, equality, and freedom? Correct answer- They would value both order and equality over freedom. Which term is used to describe a political ad referring to a tax deduction as "returning money to the people"? Correct answer- Issue framing What is the purpose of watchdog journalism? Correct answer- To promote public interest by scrutinizing government and business institutions for perceived misconduct. What is the term for the role interest groups play in bringing attention to new issues? Correct answer- Agenda building An environmental group hopes to mobilize support from both its members and the general public for a letter-writing campaign supporting a bill that would create a large wilderness area in a national forest. Which type of lobbying tactic does this scenario exemplify? Correct answer- Grassroots lobbying Classify each political activity as being an example of either conventional or unconventional political participation. 1. reciting the pledge of allegiance 2. making a campaign contribution 3. voting in a school board election ding an anti-war protest Correct answer- 1. conventional 2. conventional 3. conventional 4. unconventional How did Congress respond to demonstrations and protests on college campuses during the Vietnam War? Correct answer- It proposed an amendment to the Constitution to decrease the eligible voting age from 21 to 18. On what basis does the Fifteenth Amendment protect voting rights? Correct answer- race According to the standard socioeconomic model of participation, which group is most likely to engage in unconventional participation versus conventional participation? Correct answer- young adults What accurately describes the likelihood of an individual voting? Correct answer- A single person is less likely to vote than a married person. Which statement is true about Democratic party membership? Correct answer- Individuals not affiliated with a religious group are more likely to identify with the Democratic party. How did the First Party System lead to an amendment in the U.S. Constitution? Correct answer- The Twelfth Amendment was passed to change the Electoral College vote. Which critical election established the current Democratic and Republican parties as dominant within America's Two-Party System? Correct answer- The critical election of 1860.