Bio 101 Exam 1 Study Guide

1) All organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae Answer- Photosynthetic 2) The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called Answer- chromatin 3) The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell Answer- contains the cells DNA 4) The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is Answer- sunlight 5) How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? Answer- they produce ATP 6) The end products of glycolysis include Answer- NADH 7) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? Answer- Nucleoid 8) A person with AB blood illustrates the principle of Answer- codominance 9) You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells Answer- Plant cell 10) Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins. Answer- Amino acids 11) The nucleus of a cell Answer- contains DNA 12) Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt? Answer- iodine 13) The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium? Answer- 23 14) One centimeter = ________ millimeters. Answer- 10 15) A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form? Answer- 1 16) Karyotyping Answer- can reveal alterations in chromosome numbers 17) A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is Answer- phospholipids 18) The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent Answer- Community 19) The role of a control in an experiment is to Answer- basis of comparison to experimental group 20) Which of the following cell structures is associated with the breakdown of harmful substances or substances that are no longer needed by the cell? Answer- peroxisomes 21) Most people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were Answer- not affected by the disease 22) If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle. What levels of organization are represented in this ground-up muscle? Answer- Organelle, cell, and tissue 23) The molecules responsible for membrane transport are Answer- Protiens 24) Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide? Answer- wheat 26) Resolution is the Answer- ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as seperate 27) If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that Answer- Liquid at room temp 28) Archaea are composed of _______ cells. Answer- Prokaryotic 29) A hypothesis is Answer- a tentative answer to some question. 30) Which of the following statements about cells is true? Answer- All cells have internal structures that move 31) A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its Answer- Nucleoid Region 32) To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be Answer- Testable and falsifiable 33) _______ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Answer- Prokaryotic 34) How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis? Answer- 2 35) Yeasts can produce ATP by either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation; thus, they are Answer- acultative anaerobes 36) Without crossing over Answer- Genetic recombination would not occur 37) Members of the kingdom Animalia Answer- obtain food by eating other organisms 38) According to scientists, about what percentage of men currently living in Central Asia may be descended from the Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan? Answer- 8% 39) Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its Answer- Hydrogen Bonds 40) Which of the following best represents an example of technology? Answer- testing for genetic diseases 41) Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false? Answer- All organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature. 42) Which figure depicts an animal cell placed in a solution hypotonic to the cell? Answer- Cell A 43) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that Answer- the membrane allows some substances to enter or leave more easily than others 44) Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya? Answer- Fungi 45) A testcross is Answer- a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual heterozyous recessive for the trait of interest 46) As cell size increases, the Answer- volume increases faster then the surface area 47) Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer? Answer- DNA, nucleotides 48) During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? Answer- metaphase 49) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system? Answer- an organ system includes tissues 50) Female inheritance patterns cannot be analyzed by simply studying the X chromosome because Answer- the X chromosome is obtained from both father and mother 51) Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is true? Answer- All bacteria lack a nucleus 52) Which of the following statements regarding the cell-cycle control system is false? Answer- The cell-cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors 53) As a result of glycolysis there is a net gain of ________ ATPs. Answer- 2 54) Kingdom Fungi includes species Answer- Organisms that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients 55) If you found a fossilized dinosaur bone, what method could be used to determine the age of the fossil? Answer- Carbon dating 56) Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? Answer- Enzymes catalyze specific reactions 57) Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya? Answer- protista, plantae, fungi, animalia 58) Table salt is formed when Answer- Sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine. 59) Which of the following statements regarding genetic testing is false? Answer- Most human genetic diseases are treatable if caught early. 60) Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains Answer- Bacteria and Archaea.