BIOLOGY 101- Final Exam

What is the purpose of chlorophyll in Photosynthesis? Correct answer- to capture solar energy What is the criteria of Life? Correct answer- respond to stimuli grow and divide homeostasis reproduce and develop Enzymes ______ the rate of a chemical reaction. Correct answer- Speed Up Where does glycolisis take place in the cell? Correct answer- Cytoplasm What is the total number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule in cellular respiration? Correct answer- 36 or 38 Enzymes are _____ Correct answer- Proteins Where do the light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in a cell? Correct answer- Stroma of the chloroplast What is the basic unit of life? Correct answer- Cell waste disposal center of cell Correct answer- Lysozymes Which is associated with DNA? a. Chromosome b. Nucleus c. genes d. All the above Correct answer- d. All the above When a cell is placed in a "hypotonic" solution Correct answer- Water exits the cell Endocytosis involves... a. ATP b. fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane c. bulk transport of material into cell d. all the above Correct answer- d. All the above Taxonomy is the study of: Correct answer- Classification of all living things Mitochondria is.... Correct answer- is involved in cellular respiration, membrane bound organelle, contains stroma, have a convoluted outer membrane. An ATP molecule has _____ phosphates attached? Correct answer- 3 Which organism is an example of an autotroph? a. Human b. Cow c. Green Plant e. E. Coli Correct answer- c. Green Plant Any energy transformation involves the loss of some energy as.... Correct answer- Heat An antibiotic like penicillin is effective as an antimicrobial drug because it... Correct answer- acts as a mimic for the correct substrate often targets bacterial cellular components What are possible products for fermentation? Correct answer- ethanol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide The color, temperature and foul odor of flowers of the titan arum are examples of Correct answer- adaptations During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide... Correct answer- is reduced to glucose A phospholipid molecule has a head and two lipid tails. The tails are found: Correct answer- In the interior of the membrane Active transport across a cell membrane... Correct answer- requires a carrier protein moves a molecule against the concentration gradient Energy is brought into ecosystems by... Correct answer- Organisms that photosynthesize, like plants Na/K Pump Correct answer- faulty one associated to obesity utilizes ATP to transport ions against the concentration gradient actively transport ions across the membrane active site is part of the.... Correct answer- enzyme where the substrate can fit The ETC Correct answer- involves the inner membrane of mitochondria The metabolic process that produces the most ATP molecules is... Correct answer- electron transport chain Cellular Respiration is a.... Correct answer- energy- efficient process Meiosis involves.. a. gametes b. somatic cells c. hair follicles d. new bone growth Correct answer- a. gametes Which is not part of the mitosis stages? a. anaphase b. telophase c. apoptosis d. metaphase Correct answer- c. Apoptosis When DNA is coiled, folded and twisted into short condensed strands it is called... Correct answer- chromosomes Interphase occupies the ..... Correct answer- majority of the cell cycle Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of both Correct answer- DNA and Protein The Function of mitosis is: Correct answer- growth of the organism and tissue repair to ensure each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information asexual reproduction in some species What are alleles? Correct answer- Alternative forms of a gene for a single trait Who is often known as the father of Genetics? Correct answer- Gregor Mendel What represents the physical characteristics of the individual Correct answer- Phenotype Mendel's law of segregation Correct answer- Are distributed to separate gametes Crossing over occurs between.... Correct answer- Non sister chromatids of a homologous pair Proteins expressed on red blood cells would be an example of a genetic trait that shows: Correct answer- codominance The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for a human is... Correct answer- 46 What occurs in anaphase? Correct answer- Chromosomes move to opposite poles Ocogenes are... Correct answer- mutated proto-ocogenes cancer causing genes stimulate uncontrolled cell divisions The cell formed through fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a.... Correct answer- zygote If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has.... Correct answer- 16 chromosomes If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis 1, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis 2? Correct answer- 12 Chromosomes Genetic variation in sexually reproducing population include... Correct answer- crossing over independent assortment which stage of meiosis does homologue separation occur? Correct answer- anaphase Down Syndrome is... Correct answer- trisomy 21 some cases sperm contributes to the extra chromosome most common trisomy in humans sex-linked trait Contains thymine and guanine.. Correct answer- DNA Hardy Weinberg Equation Correct answer- p2+ 2pq + q2 = 1 Translation Correct answer- takes place in cytoplasm gene expression leads to protein synthesis Transcription Correct answer- Segment of DNA serves as template for production of RNA molecule Eukaryote contains... Correct answer- nucleus organelles plasma membrane larger than prokaryotic cells DNA replication Correct answer- synthesis fo new DNA double helix prior to mitosis Phenotype Correct answer- expressed genes and physical appearance of individuals RNA Correct answer- RNA is a polymer of RNA nucleotides sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine single stranded Structure of DNA Correct answer- two nucleotides with purine base (Adenine, Guanine) two nucleotides with pyrimidire bases (Thymine, Cytosine) equal amounts of each, complementary based pairing Meiosis Correct answer- Meiosis 1- homologous pairs synapse and separate Meiosis 2- sister chromatids separate becoming daughter chromosomes Mitosis Correct answer- Prophase- chromatine has condensed nuclear envelope disintegrates spindles assemble Prometaphase- centromere of each chromosomes has kinetochores Metaphase- chromosomes are pulled to apart align at metaphase plate Anaphase- centromere dissolves releasing sister chromatids Telophase- two clusters of chromosomes and nuclear envelope Enzymes are.... Correct answer- protein molecules that function as catalyst Mutualism Correct answer- symbiotic relationship in which both members of association benefit often with attachment of food Mimicry Correct answer- one species resembles another species that possess an obvious anti predator defense Batesian mimicry Correct answer- lacks defense the organism it resembles Mullehan mimicry Correct answer- shares same protective defensive Character Displacement Correct answer- diverse when population belong to the same community than when they isolated Competitive Exclusion Principle Correct answer- no two species can occupy the same niche at a time Competition Correct answer- when two species compete the abundance of both species is negatively impacted Ecological Niche Correct answer- role species play on its community Fundamental Niche Correct answer- all conditions under which the organism can survive Habitat Correct answer- are where organism lives and reproduces Species composition Correct answer- various species in the community Species diversity Correct answer- both species richness and abundance of different species Population and Community Correct answer- specific species in living area many species in one living area Ecology Correct answer- study of interactions of organisms with other organism Protist are... Correct answer- unicellular and highly complex asexual and photosynthetic Viruses Correct answer- non living some genetic quality contain DNA + RNA in order to replicate and make more infects host cell Hardy- Weinberg Principle states that allele frequencies remain constant as long as.... Correct answer- no mutations no gene flow random mating no genetic drift no selection Natural Selection Correct answer- members of a population have inheritable variation Evolution Correct answer- Charles darwin common decent with modification Watson + Crick Correct answer- constructed model of DNA, double helix model like a twisted ladder Living Things... Correct answer- aquire and process food respond to stimuli reproduce and develop adapt to change Photosynthesis Correct answer- 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration Correct answer- C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy Compare and Contrast Meiosis and Mitosis Correct answer- Meiosis- 2 nuclear divisions, chromosome does synapse, centromere survives, halves chromosomes, 4 daughter nuclei Mitiosis- 1 nuclear division, chromosome don't synapse, centromere dissolves, preserve chromosome number, two daughter nuclei