HESI A & P
Sprain - When a ligament is stretched or torn
Ligament - Connects bone to bone at the joint
Strain - A stretch or tear in a muscle or tendon
Tendon - Connects muscle to bone
Fibrous joints are also called... - fixed or immovable joints
What part of the nervous system is stimulated when the following occurs: Pupils dilate,
heart rate increases, digestion slows - The sympathetic nervous system
What is the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system? - Left ventricle,
aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium
What is the goal of the right side of the heart? - To pump un-oxygenated blood (the
blood your body has used) to the lungs so that the blood can be re supplied with oxygen
Which type of glands produce hormones and secrete them directly into the blood? -
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands - Secrete their products into ducts that carry the product to target
tissues (sweat glands)
Parathyroid hormone - increases blood calcium levels
Important for cognitive functions and control of voluntary movement and activity -
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe - Processes information about temperature, taste touch, and movement
Occipital lobe - Primarily responsible for vision
Connective tissue - These cell groups are the framework for the body, providing
structure and support for the organs. (most abundant)
Which gland is known as the master gland? - pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland regulates balance and body temperature? - Hypothalamus
Which structure of the brain is responsible for normal respiratory function? - Medulla
oblongata
, What are chemoreceptors? - Receptors in the medulla oblongata (and in some arteries)
that detect an increase in carbon dioxide or a decrease in oxygen and then signal the
medulla to correct those changes
Where are T lymphocytes produced? - Thymus
Pulmonary arteries - arteries that deliver deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of
the heart to the lungs
What is secreted by the adrenal glands? - Cortisol and aldosterone
Cortisol - A hormone that the body generates as a response to stress
Aldosterone - affects the body's ability to regulate blood pressure
What part of the eye distinguishes color? - The retina
Which type of cell is stimulated to reabsorb bone matrix in response to a decrease of
calcium in the blood? - Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts - Cells that secrete the matrix for bone formation
Osteocytes - Mature bone cells, formed when a osteoblast becomes embedded in the
matrix it has secreted.
Epithelial tissue - Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities.
What structure functions in directing sound waves into the ear? - Auricle
What is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from nephrons to renal pelvis? -
Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct,
minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis
Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils? - Nasopharynx
Head position is sensed by which of the following located in the inner ear? - The utricle
and saccule
The white part of the front of the eye is known as? - Sclera
The smallest vertebrae in the spinal column are known as what? - Cervical
What do the hair cells inside the organ of corti do? - Detect sound
White blood cells that contain T-cells and B-cells are known as what? - Lymphocytes
Sprain - When a ligament is stretched or torn
Ligament - Connects bone to bone at the joint
Strain - A stretch or tear in a muscle or tendon
Tendon - Connects muscle to bone
Fibrous joints are also called... - fixed or immovable joints
What part of the nervous system is stimulated when the following occurs: Pupils dilate,
heart rate increases, digestion slows - The sympathetic nervous system
What is the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system? - Left ventricle,
aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium
What is the goal of the right side of the heart? - To pump un-oxygenated blood (the
blood your body has used) to the lungs so that the blood can be re supplied with oxygen
Which type of glands produce hormones and secrete them directly into the blood? -
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands - Secrete their products into ducts that carry the product to target
tissues (sweat glands)
Parathyroid hormone - increases blood calcium levels
Important for cognitive functions and control of voluntary movement and activity -
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe - Processes information about temperature, taste touch, and movement
Occipital lobe - Primarily responsible for vision
Connective tissue - These cell groups are the framework for the body, providing
structure and support for the organs. (most abundant)
Which gland is known as the master gland? - pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland regulates balance and body temperature? - Hypothalamus
Which structure of the brain is responsible for normal respiratory function? - Medulla
oblongata
, What are chemoreceptors? - Receptors in the medulla oblongata (and in some arteries)
that detect an increase in carbon dioxide or a decrease in oxygen and then signal the
medulla to correct those changes
Where are T lymphocytes produced? - Thymus
Pulmonary arteries - arteries that deliver deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of
the heart to the lungs
What is secreted by the adrenal glands? - Cortisol and aldosterone
Cortisol - A hormone that the body generates as a response to stress
Aldosterone - affects the body's ability to regulate blood pressure
What part of the eye distinguishes color? - The retina
Which type of cell is stimulated to reabsorb bone matrix in response to a decrease of
calcium in the blood? - Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts - Cells that secrete the matrix for bone formation
Osteocytes - Mature bone cells, formed when a osteoblast becomes embedded in the
matrix it has secreted.
Epithelial tissue - Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities.
What structure functions in directing sound waves into the ear? - Auricle
What is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from nephrons to renal pelvis? -
Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct,
minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis
Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils? - Nasopharynx
Head position is sensed by which of the following located in the inner ear? - The utricle
and saccule
The white part of the front of the eye is known as? - Sclera
The smallest vertebrae in the spinal column are known as what? - Cervical
What do the hair cells inside the organ of corti do? - Detect sound
White blood cells that contain T-cells and B-cells are known as what? - Lymphocytes
