WGU STUDY GUIDE C787

AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges) Answer- CARBS-45-65% FATS -20-35% PROTEINS- 10-35% (RANGE OF % OF CALORIES THAT YOU NEED FROM EACH MACRONUTRIENT DAILY) DRI (Dietary Reference Intakes) Answer- set of nutrient intake values used to plan and evaluate diets PROTEIN- 60GMS/DAY 1/2 OF ALL GRAINS CONSUMED SHOULD BE WHOLE GRAINS Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Answer- the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) Answer- the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Answer- the maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects Where would you find the %DV and how is it used? Answer- FDA website and also on the product What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990s? Answer- It expanded from the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate information needed What is pellagra? Answer- condition that occurs due to dietary deficiency of niacin - common if eating corn-based diet - also seen in alcoholics, pts with carcinoid syndrom and Hartnup's disease Sx: 3Ds - diarrhea - dermatitis (present in sun-exposed areas) - dementia - death if untreated What is obesity? Answer- excessive accumulation of body fat What is marasmus? Answer- 1. "to waste away" (chronic condition) [body's adaptation to starvation] 2. Inadequate food intake (protein and calories deficiency) over a long period of time 3. Common in children 6-18 months; impairs brain development and learning 4. Muscles, including heart, waste and weaken (no edema) skin and bones 5. Poor growth if any What is Kwashiorkor? Answer- protein deficiency/malnutrition What is anorexia nervosa? Answer- Self starvation due to a distorted body image of being overweight What is bulimia nervosa? Answer- binge eating and purging Vitamin A deficiencies Answer- *Night blindness (nyctalopia)- reversible and detected using a dark adaptation test Xeropthalmia (corneal damage)- not reversible Dry, scaly skin (hyperkeratosis) Vitamin C deficiencies Answer- scurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, petechiae iron deficiency Answer- anemia Iodine deficiencies Answer- cretinism and goiter Vitamin D deficiencies Answer- rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis Vitamin E deficiencies Answer- hemolytic anemia Vitamin K deficiencies Answer- decreased synthesis of clotting factors, hemorrhage What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat and what recommendations would you make to a patient regarding their consumption? Answer- Saturated fats MyPlate Recommendations Answer- make half your plate fruits and vegetables; select nutrient dense foods in order to meet DRIs without exceeding calorie needs What does % Daily Value (%DV) show? Answer- It shows how much of a nutrient is in one serving of the food. %DVs are based on the Daily Values for key nutrients, which are the amounts (in grams, milligrams, or micrograms) of nutrients recommended per day for Americans 4 years of age and older. What are the primary diseases associated with poor diet and lifestyle? Answer- How much of the total healthcare expenditures is spent on preventative approaches to preventable disease? Answer- 3 % Define and provide examples of prevention strategies: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary. Answer- Primary- prevention strategies, or health promotion, encourage health- enhancing behaviors by giving individuals, families, and communities ways to reduce risk factors associated with disease and injury. Secondary-prevention includes risk appraisal and screening to emphasize early detection and diagnosis of disease. Tertiary- prevention involves treatment and rehabilitation and is defined as the reduction in the amount of disability caused by a disease to achieve the highest level of function. What are some factors that contribute to overweight and obesity (modifiable and non- modifiable)? Answer- modifiable-diet and lifestyle non-modifiable-age, race, family history What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) key recommendations? Answer- -A variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups—dark green, red and orange, legumes (beans and peas), starchy, and other -Fruits, especially whole fruits -Grains, at least half of which are whole grains -Fat-free or low-fat dairy, including milk, yogurt, cheese, or fortified soy beverages -A variety of protein foods, including seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, legumes (beans and peas), and nuts, seeds, and soy products Oils The guidelines also recommend that a healthy eating pattern should limit saturated fats and transfats, added sugars, and sodium.