C787 Nutrition Exam(ALREADY GRADED A+)

When nutrition advocates became concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention of chronic diet related diseases, what policy change were made? Correct answer- RDA's (Recommended Daily Allowances) expanded into several DRI (Daily Reference Intakes) 2. What is true of dietary reference intake? Correct answer- Food labeling must include information about them. They differ depending on age and gender 3. What is always found on a nutrition label in the US? Correct answer- Serving size 4. A healthful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount? Correct answer- Recommended daily allowance 5. What is an appropriate use of AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food? Correct answer- 50% calories from fat is too much. 6. What is meant by Tolerable Upper Intake Level? Correct answer- The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans; ensures people do not take harmful amounts. 7. How is estimated average requirement commonly used? Correct answer- To guide recommendations and menu planning for communities in combinations with upper intake levels. 8. What is true of choose my plate .gov recommendations as presented by their setting place graphic? Correct answer- Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables. 9. What is the nutritional benefit of fruits and vegetables? Correct answer- They provide nutrients that reduce the risk some type of cancer. 10. What is false regarding fruits and vegetables in the diet? Correct answer- Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin B12 11. What strategy might be avoided due to expense for patients looking to eat more healthfully on a budget? Correct answer- Buying frozen meals 12. Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal? Correct answer- Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk. 13. What is true about dietary recommendation for whole grain intake? Correct answer- Half of all whole grains consumed should be whole grain products. 14. Fritz is hosting a brunch and prepares for each of his friends Omelet with cheese Toasted English muffin 1t all fruit preserves ½ large grapefruit 1c whole milk How can his menu be improved to follow the dietary guidelines for Americans? Correct answer- Use egg whites for the omelets Replace cheese with vegetables in the omelets Replace English muffin with whole wheat English muffin Replace whole milk with fat free milk 15. What is true of recommendations concerning trans fat and added sugar intake? Correct answer- Trans fat and added sugar intake should be minimized. There is no DRI value. What is recommended daily amount of protein intake? Correct answer- 60g/ day. 17. Which list contains all examples of protein? Correct answer- Garbanzo beans (Chickpeas), egg, chicken breast, yogurt, cheese, ground beef, peanut butter, tofu 18. What is the best choice for a combination of plant-based foods to maximize healthy diet in a vegetarian diet? Correct answer- Legume+ whole grain 19. There is a current initiative for more transparent labeling of sugars on nutrition fact labels. In the coming years, which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars? Correct answer- Anything ending in-ose, honey 20. Which carbohydrate will cause a quick return to hunger? Correct answer- One with a higher glycemic index 21. Which is the reason that seafood can be considered a healthful diet? Correct answer- Some seafood is high in healthy omega 3 oils 22. What are generally considered sources of healthy fat? Correct answer- Fish, nuts, olive oil 23. What is not a common source of high levels of sodium? Correct answer- Spices and herbs 24. Which foods are relatively rich in iron? Correct answer- Dark leafy greens, legumes, red meat, nuts 25. What is the best vegetarian source of iron from the options provided? Correct answer- Beans 26. Which of these are protective against heart disease? Correct answer- Fiber, HDL cholesterol 27. Which are linked to increase heart disease risk? Correct answer- LDL, trans fat, saturated fats 28. Reducing heart disease/ stroke Correct answer- LDL levels below 120mg/dl Limit cholesterol intake to less than 30mg per day Saturated fats-less than 7% of total daily calories At least 30 minutes of activity in daily routine Sodium levels-below 1600mg per day Increase intake of fiber, especially insoluble fiber, although most will be soluble. Limit alcohol to 1-2 drinks per day. What is an appropriate dietary intervention to address a patient's low albumin level? Correct answer- High protein diet. 30. Select foods that would be inappropriate for a patient with kidney disease? Correct answer- Fried eggs, hot dogs, steak 31. What is the dash diet designed to address? Correct answer- Hypertension 32. Which factors are important in controlling hypertension? Correct answer- Sodium below 1600mg daily Daily exercise such as a half hour walk Maintaining a healthy weight-BMI below 25 33. Because obesity affects many organ systems and hormones impairing body functions, which is true Correct answer- It is now considered a disease by AMA 34. What BMI is considered obese, requiring counseling about a weight loss dietary plan? Correct answer- BMI 30 BMI25 is overweight, 40 is morbidly obese 35. What is the BMI calculation for a patient that measures 5'4" in height and 175lbs in weight? Correct answer- 30 BMI is square the height in inches (64*64=4096) then divide the weight in lbs by that number (175/4096= 0.043) then multiply by 703 to change to metric units 36. What describes a diet least likely to result in obesity? Correct answer- A diet with a variety of fruits, whole grains and vegetables. 37. Identify which heart disease risk factors are modifiable? Correct answer- Sedentary lifestyle BMI 32kg/m2 Diet high in trans fat 38. Which statement is true? Correct answer- Obese children and teenagers are at increased risk of coronary heart disease 39. You are working in a family medicine clinic with a 22 yr old patient. You note a BMI of 17. What counseling might you give this patient? Correct answer- "At this BMI you are at an increased risk of infertility, osteoporosis and premature death. Let's find solutions." 40. What health risks clearly increase along with BMI? Select all that apply. Correct answer- Heart Disease Type 2 diabetes, Premature death Osteoarthritis Sleep apnea 41. What is true regarding genetic influence on body weight? Correct answer- Body weights of parents are often predictive of children even when they do not raise him. 42. To maintain weight in the long term, patients should: Correct answer- Balance energy expenditure with energy intake; eat just enough calories for activity level. 43. You can only draft five pieces of advice for weight loss. Which do you choose? Correct answer- Reduce processed foods Increase activity When you want food, ask yourself, "am I hungry?" Eat 5 small meals to maintain energy throughout the day, Limit sugary drinks. 44. Which person is most likely to lose weight and keep it off? Correct answer- One who sticks to their diet long term. 45. Which is true about weight loss? Correct answer- 10% reduction in total weight has consistently been shown to improve health and decrease risk. 46. Which is likely not an appropriate, sustainable weight goal? Correct answer- To lose 20 pounds in a month and be envied by friends 47. What is true of water intake and weight loss? Correct answer- There is evidence to support that drinking 48oz of water or more supports weight loss. 48. Which foods are likely appropriate for consistent inclusion on a weight reduction dietary plan? Correct answer- Baked fish Seasoned green vegetables Skinless chicken breast 49. Which are thought to societal factors in the obesity epidemic? Choose Correct answer- More desk based, low activity jobs. Increasing size of food portions at restaurants and at home. Increased consumption of processed foods. 50. Obesity messages to adolescents: Correct answer- Focus on a healthy diet, not weight loss diets. Reinforce healthy behavior Don't reward with food Watch consumption of media messages determine content, credibility, etc. 51. What is inappropriate advice to a family of a 14-year-old with anorexia? Correct answer- Serve separate meals to different family members. 52. What is true of physical activity, in conjunction with diet, to support weight loss? Correct answer- Patients should strive for 90 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 3 times a week. 53. What is a legal supplement body builder take in an effort to increase muscle mass and increase nitrogen retention? (an Ergogenic aid) Correct answer- Protein powder 54. What does the term anthropometrics refer to? Correct answer- Weight management assessment tools including weight, height, and waist size 55. How do you calculate physical activity level (PAL)? Correct answer- Total Energy Expenditure/Body Mass Rate 56. You are in the family medicine clinic and are working with a patient with a BMI of 52 and a sedentary lifestyle. He is wondering about bariatric surgery. Which pieces of advice are appropriate? Correct answer- "Increase your physical activity now, but do it gradually, to reduce strain on your heart and increase your likelihood of keeping with it." "Even after surgery, you will need to continue to exercise." "After surgery, you may lose weight rapidly." "You will need to take specific vitamin supplements after surgery." 57. What is true nutrition for infants? Correct answer- Human milk contains immune factors that infant formula does not. 58. Why is juice not recommended for infants? Correct answer- Contributes to dental decay Lacks fiber and may contribute to diarrhea It is a high calorie source of fluid 59. Which behavior may contribute to dental carries (cavities) in infancy? Correct answer- Sharing utensils 60. What parent behavior may put a child in a risk of developing poor relationship with food? Correct answer- Never involve children in meal planning Avoiding offering children choices 61. How does the CDC define overweight in children? Correct answer- BMI for the age over 85th percentile. 62. When teaching kindergarteners (5-6yrs old) about Choose My Plate, what would an appropriate educational strategy be? Correct answer- Teach them a rhyme with the concepts 63. When teaching 8-10-year olds about healthy meal planning, what would an appropriate educational strategy be? Correct answer- Have them write out a description of a healthy menu with different food groups 64. You are working in a pediatrics practice and have an appointment with an obese 9- year-old boy and his parents. What are some pieces of advice you might give the family? Correct answer- High levels of stress can cause poor eating habits Limit portion sizes and avoid frequent restaurant meals Encourage the child to help choose and prepare meals Encourage physical active play and not just desk-based study Provide and model choices of healthy plant-based snacks and colorful fruits and vegetables at meals 65. What are some strategies to avoid when teaching high school students about nutrition? Correct answer- Focus on how good nutrition will make them pretty Explain ways to skip or replace meals. 66. A healthy 17-year-old girl is reading a nutrition label and sees that a product contains 13%DV of calcium per serving. How many servings of this product would this girl need to have that day to get the recommended amount of calcium from that product alone? Correct answer- 10 Recommended DV of 130% for adolescents instead of 100% like adults. 67. A nurse is evaluating a 16-year-old boy with short stature (stunted linear growth), poor bone development, and cognitive development delays. What might be a dietary cause of this boy's condition? Correct answer- Malnutrition. 68. What nutrient do young adolescent have an increased need for relative to adults? Correct answer- Thiamine 69. What is appropriate advice to give a newly pregnant mother? Correct answer- Alcohol should be avoided during all trimesters of pregnancy 70. What is a possible effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the fetus? Correct answer- Permanent developmental disability 71. What nutrient reduces the risk of neural tube defects? Correct answer- Folate/Folic acid 72. What are some good dietary sources of folate? Correct answer- Lentils, spinach, oats 73. How can a pregnant mother minimize the risk of preterm delivery? Correct answer- Abstain from tobacco and drugs prior to conception and through pregnancy Discontinue use of alcohol Maintain a healthy weight Maintain healthy diet to prevent gestational diabetes 74. What is false about breastfeeding? Correct answer- It is a reliable form of birth control 75. Why are adults over 70 years of age more vulnerable to inadequacy of one or more dietary nutrients? Correct answer- Different GI physiology interferes with absorption 76. What are some potential benefits of prebiotics and probiotics for an older adult? Correct answer- Decreased total cholesterol Control of IBS - yogurt/cultured products Support immune system function Rebuild bone density 77. How might you advise a patient about adapting to older adulthood? Correct answer- "To avoid obesity, remain active, and realize your overall caloric needs may decrease." 78. A patient is considering adding a dietary supplement and wants to know more. What should they do first? Correct answer- Discuss it with their healthcare provider 79. To which patient represented by a quote in a meeting with the nurse, should the nurse recommend a dietary supplement? Correct answer- "The doctor said my labs showed that I have iron-deficiency anemia. 80. The phrase "Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease": Correct answer- Is required to appear on the label of all supplements. 81. Which vitamins can be flushed out in the urine stream if they are in moderate excess? Correct answer- B vitamins Vitamin C 82. Match the supplement with what it aims to improve. Correct answer- Ergogenic aid- athletic performance Nootropic- cognition Probiotic- digestive system Galactagogue- breastmilk production. 83. Supplements may or may not contain an active ingredient. What else may they contain? Correct answer- Extra ingredients that are unlisted and are similar to fillers in Rx drugs 84. How should you counsel a patient about providing information about the supplements they take to the healthcare team? Correct answer- "Supplements can interact with medicine and make the medicine's effect too strong. This can cause a life- threatening event." 85. Match the nutrient to its deficiency: Correct answer- Thiamine- beriberi Iodine- brain damage, intellectual impairment, goiter Vitamin A- blindness Vitamin D- rickets Why do many women take calcium supplements? Correct answer- To reduce the risk of osteoporosis 87. Vitamin k: Correct answer- Should be avoided while on warfarin (Coumadin) 88. What is unavailable in plant foods, and therefore may need to be consumed as a supplement to a vegetarian diet? Correct answer- Vitamin B12. 89. What nutrients are available in plant foods but may require special consideration in a vegetarian diet? Correct answer- Iron Vitamin D Protein (can be very difficult on a vegetarian diet) Calcium (must be a bioavailable form) 90. A limited ability to acquire nutritionally adequate foods in socially acceptable ways is called? Correct answer- Food insecurity What is true of food waste and overpopulation? Correct answer- They are contributing factors to global hunger 92. What are natural causes of famine? Correct answer- Pests, draught, and flood 93. What does the Economic Research Service do? Correct answer- Assists in providing research and analysis on food security issues in developing countries. 94. Food deserts are often characterized by their lack of: Correct answer- Availability and accessibility of healthful foods 95. What are characteristics of food deserts? Correct answer- Fast foods are more affordable in the area Markets in the area do not have fresh produce 96. What are some public health strategies to reduce food deserts? Correct answer- Implement urban farmer's market Supporting public policy to reduce costs of fresh foods 97. Financial limitations to adequate nutrition are a main focus of what diagnostic tool? Correct answer- Food Security Survey Module 98. A situation where a person who consumes many calories, but without adequate nutrients, can be considered? Correct answer- Undernutrition, which also includes the chronically hungry 99. What is the use of the Child Food Security Survey Module? Correct answer- Determine if a child is experiencing hunger at home. 100. What does "Household Food Security Status" refer to? Correct answer- An outcome measure to examine the public's ability to secure adequate food. 101. What is a term that means all people have access, at all times, to sufficient food for an active and a healthy life? Correct answer- Food security 102. What is true of the Food Security Survey Module? Correct answer- It measures sufficiency of food and very low food security requires intervention. 103. Low food security is characterized by? Correct answer- Reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet 104. What was one effect of the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990? Correct answer- Development of standardized questionnaires for measuring household food security status. 105. The uneasy or painful sensation caused by the lack of food is known as.... Correct answer- Hunger 106. Which factor might be a cause of a patient's frequent ED visits for congestive heart failure? Correct answer- The patient goes without medication because they cannot afford them until they are paid. 107. What problems of factors can be associated with food insecurity? Correct answer- Poor nutrition Trouble obtaining food Obesity Lower cognitive and academic performance Poorer health status 108. What does SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) do? Correct answer- Help low income families who have trouble affording food acquire food. 109. What is the most appropriate referral to have home meals delivered by Meals on Wheels? Correct answer- Male, age 82, limited income, mobility issues and cannot drive. Which is the most appropriate referral to the Women, infants, and Children program? Correct answer- Female, age 22, speaks limited English, 6 months pregnant, low income, difficulty obtaining prenatal care. 111. What is not a primary consideration when addressing nutritional needs for a homeless patient? Correct answer- Is the food fair-trade certified? 112. What is a major barrier to nutritional education, and a strategy for overcoming that barrier? Correct answer- Illiteracy, screening for problems with written materials and providing verbal or picture-based instruction. 113. When working with a patient who speaks limited English, what should be avoided? Correct answer- Using text only to teach Using only traditional American food to teach. 114. What program teaches older adults how to shop, plan, and prepare nutritious meals, as well as conducting hypertension assessments? Correct answer- Elderly Nutrition Program 115. What is one way that programs seek to provide socialization to older adults? Correct answer- Providing meals in group settings 116. Matching: Correct answer- Senior farmer's market Nutrition Program: Allows older adults to acquire fruits and vegetables SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program): Helps low income families acquire food Special Supplementary Nutrition program- WIC: Recognizes medical and dietary risks to women and children 117. Which is an important consideration of the Meals on Wheels program? Correct answer- That the meals are appealing to the patient's taste 118. What is "food poisoning"? Correct answer- Can be caused by either primary infection by a microbe or production of toxins by microbes. 119. What is true of botulism? Correct answer- It is thought to be the most lethal bioterrorism agent. 120. Which infections are most commonly disseminated by ingestion? (Fecal-oral) Correct answer- Cholera Shigellosis 121. What is Food Systems Security? Correct answer- A system to focus on locating the source of bioterrorism incident and notifying affected facilities. 122. What foods have been common sources of food contamination in recent years? Correct answer- Bean sprouts Spinach Milk 123. Which home cooks have put themselves at increased risk of spreading microbial foodborne illness? Correct answer- Fred who didn't wash the spinach for the salad Francine who undercooked her chicken Filip who put a big handful of raw sprouts on his Thai noodles Frank, who defrosted his steak on the counter Flo, who stores her cooked and raw vegetables together 124. Food safety, matching: Correct answer- Campylobacter- undercooked poultry e-coli - foods contaminated with fecal matter (fecal-oral) mycotoxins— molds/fungus glycoalkaloids- potatoes exposed to light ciguatoxin- fish such as grouper monosodium glutamate- flavor enhancer which can cause chest pain, edema, facial numbness, headache 125. Enteritis and diarrhea are commonly caused by? Correct answer- E-coli Salmonella 126. Why should pregnant women eat cheese only if it has been pasteurized? Correct answer- Listeria in unpasteurized cheese increases the risk of spontaneous abortion and congenital infection of the newborn. 127. Foods that require freezing, preservation techniques, or immediate use are called: Correct answer- Perishable foods 128. True or False: pasteurized milk can be stored at room temperature? Correct answer- False 129. True or False: Contaminated drinking water should be boiled for at least five minutes? Correct answer- True 130. True or false: Irradiated food becomes radioactive? Correct answer- False 131. True or false: Dented cans should be discarded? Correct answer- True 132. True or false: Chicken should be cooked or frozen within four days of purchase? Correct answer- False (2 days) 133. What is the term for the chemical that gives rise to obesity? Correct answer- Obesogen: Bisphenol A is an example 134. What does the USDA organic seal indicate? Correct answer- That the food is 100% organic according to current standards That the food is not genetically engineered, and no synthetic fungicides or insecticides were used 135. A bottle of pasta sauce says, "Made with organic tomatoes, onions, and basil." What can you infer from this? Correct answer- The sauce contains at least 70% certified organic content