Module 1
1. Aristotle suggested that a meal makes us sleepy by causing heat to collect around the
A. brain.
B. throat.
C. heart.
D. stomach.
Answer: D
2. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of
A. animal intelligence.
B. personality development.
C. social influence.
D. mental processes.
Answer: D
3. Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner
sensations and mental images.
A. John B. Watson
B. Charles Darwin
C. Edward Titchener
D. B. F. Skinner
Answer: C
4. Looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called
A. cognitive neuroscience.
B. introspection.
C. behaviorism.
D. humanistic psychology.
Answer: B
5. Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to
differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as
A. behavior genetics.
B. psychoanalysis.
C. massed practice.
D. introspection.
Answer: D
6. The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of
, A. structuralism.
B. psychiatry.
C. cognitive psychology.
D. behaviorism.
Answer: A
7. William James was a prominent American
A. psychoanalyst.
B. behaviorist.
C. functionalist.
D. structuralist.
Answer: C
8. Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
A. adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
B. component elements of sensory experience.
C. disruptive effects of unconscious motives.
D. treatment of psychological disorders.
Answer: A
9. Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to ________.
A. behaviorism
B. humanistic psychology
C. cognitive neuroscience
D. functionalism
Answer: D
10. Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological
Association?
A. Jean Piaget
B. Margaret Floy Washburn
C. Rosalie Rayner
D. Mary Whiton Calkins
Answer: D
11. Who was the American philosopher-psychologist who authored a textbook in 1890 for the
emerging discipline of psychology?
A. Wilhelm Wundt
B. John B. Watson
C. Sigmund Freud
D. William James
,Answer: D
12. From the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of
A. genetic influences.
B. self-esteem.
C. conscious thoughts and feelings.
D. observable behavior.
Answer: D
13. The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity
without reference to mental processes is known as
A. behaviorism.
B. cognitive neuroscience.
C. humanistic psychology.
D. positive psychology.
Answer: A
14. Behaviorists dismissed the value of
A. science.
B. introspection.
C. spaced practice.
D. applied research.
Answer: B
15. John B. Watson is to Edward Titchener as ________ is to ________.
A. biology; environment
B. observable behavior; inner sensations
C. mental illness; psychiatry
D. cognitive perspective; psychoanalytic perspective
Answer: B
16. Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes?
A. evolutionary psychology
B. Freudian psychology
C. behavior genetics
D. behaviorism
Answer: B
17. Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's
A. childhood memories.
B. genetic predispositions.
C. unconscious thought processes.
, D. potential for healthy growth.
Answer: D
18. In the 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific
study of
A. mental processes.
B. hereditary influences.
C. unconscious motives.
D. learned behaviors.
Answer: A
19. Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between
A. natural selection and genetic predispositions.
B. childhood memories and psychological disorders.
C. thought processes and brain functions.
D. philosophy and physiology.
Answer: C
20. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
A. conscious and unconscious mental activity.
B. observable responses to the environment.
C. behavior and mental processes.
D. maladaptive and adaptive behaviors.
Answer: C
21. Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________.
A. evolution; natural selection
B. behavior; mental process
C. conscious; unconscious
D. nurture; nature
Answer: B
22. The young science of psychology developed from the more established fields of philosophy and
A. economics.
B. biology.
C. geography.
D. sociology.
Answer: B
23. The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian
1. Aristotle suggested that a meal makes us sleepy by causing heat to collect around the
A. brain.
B. throat.
C. heart.
D. stomach.
Answer: D
2. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of
A. animal intelligence.
B. personality development.
C. social influence.
D. mental processes.
Answer: D
3. Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner
sensations and mental images.
A. John B. Watson
B. Charles Darwin
C. Edward Titchener
D. B. F. Skinner
Answer: C
4. Looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called
A. cognitive neuroscience.
B. introspection.
C. behaviorism.
D. humanistic psychology.
Answer: B
5. Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to
differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as
A. behavior genetics.
B. psychoanalysis.
C. massed practice.
D. introspection.
Answer: D
6. The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of
, A. structuralism.
B. psychiatry.
C. cognitive psychology.
D. behaviorism.
Answer: A
7. William James was a prominent American
A. psychoanalyst.
B. behaviorist.
C. functionalist.
D. structuralist.
Answer: C
8. Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
A. adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
B. component elements of sensory experience.
C. disruptive effects of unconscious motives.
D. treatment of psychological disorders.
Answer: A
9. Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to ________.
A. behaviorism
B. humanistic psychology
C. cognitive neuroscience
D. functionalism
Answer: D
10. Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological
Association?
A. Jean Piaget
B. Margaret Floy Washburn
C. Rosalie Rayner
D. Mary Whiton Calkins
Answer: D
11. Who was the American philosopher-psychologist who authored a textbook in 1890 for the
emerging discipline of psychology?
A. Wilhelm Wundt
B. John B. Watson
C. Sigmund Freud
D. William James
,Answer: D
12. From the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of
A. genetic influences.
B. self-esteem.
C. conscious thoughts and feelings.
D. observable behavior.
Answer: D
13. The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity
without reference to mental processes is known as
A. behaviorism.
B. cognitive neuroscience.
C. humanistic psychology.
D. positive psychology.
Answer: A
14. Behaviorists dismissed the value of
A. science.
B. introspection.
C. spaced practice.
D. applied research.
Answer: B
15. John B. Watson is to Edward Titchener as ________ is to ________.
A. biology; environment
B. observable behavior; inner sensations
C. mental illness; psychiatry
D. cognitive perspective; psychoanalytic perspective
Answer: B
16. Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes?
A. evolutionary psychology
B. Freudian psychology
C. behavior genetics
D. behaviorism
Answer: B
17. Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's
A. childhood memories.
B. genetic predispositions.
C. unconscious thought processes.
, D. potential for healthy growth.
Answer: D
18. In the 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific
study of
A. mental processes.
B. hereditary influences.
C. unconscious motives.
D. learned behaviors.
Answer: A
19. Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between
A. natural selection and genetic predispositions.
B. childhood memories and psychological disorders.
C. thought processes and brain functions.
D. philosophy and physiology.
Answer: C
20. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
A. conscious and unconscious mental activity.
B. observable responses to the environment.
C. behavior and mental processes.
D. maladaptive and adaptive behaviors.
Answer: C
21. Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________.
A. evolution; natural selection
B. behavior; mental process
C. conscious; unconscious
D. nurture; nature
Answer: B
22. The young science of psychology developed from the more established fields of philosophy and
A. economics.
B. biology.
C. geography.
D. sociology.
Answer: B
23. The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian
