1
Genetics From Genes To Genomes 6th Edition
I I I I I I
Hartwell Test Bank
I I I
Hartwell
Chapter I1 I Genetics: IThe IStudy Iof IBiological IInformation
1) How Idoes IDNA Istructure Irelate Ito Iits Ifunction?
- The Iorder Iof Inucleotides Iin Ia IDNA Istrand Ispecifies Ithe Iorder Iof Iamino
Iacids Iin
Iaprotein. I
2) What Iis Ia Idifference Ibetween Ithe Istructure Iof IDNA Iand Iproteins?
- DNA Iis Icomposed Iof Inucleotides Iand Iproteins Iare Icomposed Iof Iamino
I acids.
3) A Igenome Ican Ibe Ibest Idescribed Ias
- the IDNA Iin Iall Ichromosomes Iin Ia Icell.
4) What Iis Ithe Idifference Ibetween Ithe Ifunction Iof IDNA Iand Ithe Ifunction Iof Iproteins?
- DNA Istores Igenetic Iinformation Iand Iproteins Iperform Imost Icellular
Ifunctions.
5) Which Istatement Isupports Ithe Itheory Ithat Iall Iorganisms Iare Irelated?
- The Igenetic Icode Iis Ialmost Iuniversal.
6) New Igenes Iare Ithought Ito Iarise Iby Iwhich Imechanism?
- Gene Iduplication Ifollowed Iby Idivergence Idue Ito Imutation.
7) What Iis Ithe Imost Ilikely Iway Ia Imutation Iin Ione Igene Ican Iconvert Ione Ibody Ipart Ito
another?I
- The Imutated Igene Iencodes Ia Iprotein Ithat Iaffects Ithe Iexpression Iof Imany
Iother genes.
8) A Irecent Itechnical Iadvancement Ithat Ihas Iaccelerated Ithe Istudy Iof Igenomes Iis Ithe
Iabilityto I
- sequence Ilarge Icomplex Igenomes Irapidly Iand Iinexpensively.
9) What Iis Ithe Idifference Ibetween Igenetic Idissection Iand Igenome Isequencing?
- Genetic Idissection Ireveals Iinformation Iabout Ione Igene Iat Ia Itime Iand
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I genomesequencing I Ireveals Iinformation Iabout Iall Ithe Igenes Iin Ia Igenome Iat Ionce.
10) Currently, Iwhat Iinformation Ican Ibe Iobtained Ifrom Isequencing Ian Iindividual's Igenome?
- Information Iabout Igene Ivariants Ithat Ipredispose Ia Iperson Ito Ia Idisease,
Isuch Iascancer. I
11) Which Iis Inot Ia Ipotential Iproblem Iof Iallowing Ithe Igenomic Isequences Iof Iindividuals
Itobecome I Iwidely Iavailable?
- Advances Ileading Ito Ihealthier Ilives Ifor Isome Ipeople.
12) One Istrand Iof IDNA Ihas Ithe Isequence I5′ IGGTCTA I3′. IWhat Iis Ithe Isequence Iof Ithe
Iotherstrand? I
- 5′ ITAGACC I3′
13) Which Istatement Iis Itrue Iabout Ithe Istructure Iof IDNA?
- The Itwo Istrands Iof Ia IDNA Imolecule Iare Iheld Itogether Iby Ibase Ipairing.
14) The Isize Iof Ithe Imouse I(M. Imusculus) Igenome Iis
I2700 Imegabases I(Mb) Iand Iit
Icontains aboutI I25,000 Igenes Iarranged Ion I40 Ichromosomes. IIf Ithe Igenes Iare Ievenly
Idistributed Ion chromosomesI Iin Ithe Imouse, Iwhat Iis Ithe Iaverage Inumber Iof Igenes Iper
Ichromosome?
- I625
15) Which Istatement Iabout Ithe Istructure Iof Iproteins Iis Ifalse?
- Most Iproteins Iconsist Iof Itwo Iamino Iacid Ipolymers Iattached Itogether Iby
I hydrogen bonding. I
16) Which Iis Ia Istructural Ifeature Ishared Iby IDNA, IRNA, Iand Iproteins?
- The Iorder Iof Imonomers Iis Iimportant Ifor Ifunction.
17) A Isegment Iof Ia Iprotein Ihas Ithe Iamino Iacid Isequence ISer—Gly—Leu. IIs Iit Ipossible Itoinfer
I Ithe Isequence Iof Ithe IRNA Ithat Iencodes Ithis Iamino Iacid Isequence?
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,3
No; Imore Ithan Ione Itype Iof IRNA I(more Ithan Ione Ibase Isequence) Icould Iencode Ithis
Iaminoacid I Isequence.
18) A Isequence Iof Ibases Iin Ithe Imiddle Iof Ian IRNA Iused Ito Iencode Ia Ipolypeptide Ihas Ithe
Isequence IUUA—AUG—CGU. IIs Iit Ipossible Ito Iinfer Ithe Isequence Iof Ithe Iamino Iacids
Iencoded byI Ithis IRNA?
- Yes, Ithe Isequence Iis ILeu—Met—Arg.
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19) Mutation Iof Ia Imouse Igene Iresults Iin Imice Ithat Ilack Iheart Imuscle. IWhat Icharacteristic
Iwould Iyou Iexpect Ito Ifind Iin Ia Ihuman Igene Ithat Ihas Ia Icommon Iorigin Iwith Ithis Imouse
Igene?
- The Ihuman Iand Imouse Igenes Iwill Ispecify Iproteins Iwith Isimilar Iamino
Iacidsequences. I
20) A Imouse Igene Iwas Iidentified Iand Idetermined Ito Ibe Irequired Ifor Iformation Iof Iheart
Imuscle. IA Igene Iwith Ia Isimilar Isequence Iwas Iidentified Iin Ithe Ihuman Igenome. IWhat
Iexperiment Icould Iscientists Ido Ito Idetermine Iif Ithe Imouse Iand Ihuman Igenes Ihave
Isimilarfunctions? I
- The Iscientist Icould Iplace Ithe Inormal Ihuman Igene Iinto Imutant Imice Ito
I see I if
Iheartmuscle I Iforms Iin Ithe Imouse.
21) A Isequence Iof Iamino Iacids Ifound Iin Ia Isubunit Iof Ithe IATP Isynthase Ienzyme Iin Iseveral
Ispecies Iis Ishown Ibelow. IWhich Iamino Iacids Iare Ilikely Ito Ibe Imost Iimportant Ito Ithe
Ifunction ofI IATP Isynthase?
- Those Ithat Iare Ishaded Idark Iblue Ibecause Ithe Iamino Iacids Iare Iidentical
Ibetween species.I
22) The Ifunction Iof Ia Isingle Ifruit Ifly Igene Iwas Iinactivated Icompletely Iby Imutation. IA Ifruit
Iflywith I Ithis Imutation Idid Inot Ihave Ilegs. IWhich Iis Ia Ireasonable Iconclusion Ito Imake
Ibased Ion Ithis Iinformation?
- The Inormal Igene Ifunction Iis Irequired Ifor Ileg Iformation Iin Ifruit Iflies.
23) Galactosemia Iis Ia Imetabolic Idisorder Icharacterized Iby Ithe Iinability Ito Imetabolize
Ithesugar I Igalactose. IPeople Iwith Igalactosemia Isuffer Ifrom Iliver, Ikidney, Iand Ibrain
Idamage Iamong Iother Isymptoms. IA Igene Imutation Iunderlying Igalactosemia Iwas
Iidentified Iby Isequencing Ithe Igenome Iof Ia Iperson Iwith Igalactosemia. IWhat Iadditional
Ievidence Iwould Isupport Ithe Ihypothesis Ithat Ithe Imutation Iin Ithe Icandidate Igene Icauses
Ithe Idisease?
- Sequencing Ithe Igenomes Ifrom Iunrelated Ipeople Iwith Igalactosemia Iand
Idiscovering
thatI Ithey Ialso Ihave Imutations Iin Ithe Icandidate Igene.
Page 4 of 124
Genetics From Genes To Genomes 6th Edition
I I I I I I
Hartwell Test Bank
I I I
Hartwell
Chapter I1 I Genetics: IThe IStudy Iof IBiological IInformation
1) How Idoes IDNA Istructure Irelate Ito Iits Ifunction?
- The Iorder Iof Inucleotides Iin Ia IDNA Istrand Ispecifies Ithe Iorder Iof Iamino
Iacids Iin
Iaprotein. I
2) What Iis Ia Idifference Ibetween Ithe Istructure Iof IDNA Iand Iproteins?
- DNA Iis Icomposed Iof Inucleotides Iand Iproteins Iare Icomposed Iof Iamino
I acids.
3) A Igenome Ican Ibe Ibest Idescribed Ias
- the IDNA Iin Iall Ichromosomes Iin Ia Icell.
4) What Iis Ithe Idifference Ibetween Ithe Ifunction Iof IDNA Iand Ithe Ifunction Iof Iproteins?
- DNA Istores Igenetic Iinformation Iand Iproteins Iperform Imost Icellular
Ifunctions.
5) Which Istatement Isupports Ithe Itheory Ithat Iall Iorganisms Iare Irelated?
- The Igenetic Icode Iis Ialmost Iuniversal.
6) New Igenes Iare Ithought Ito Iarise Iby Iwhich Imechanism?
- Gene Iduplication Ifollowed Iby Idivergence Idue Ito Imutation.
7) What Iis Ithe Imost Ilikely Iway Ia Imutation Iin Ione Igene Ican Iconvert Ione Ibody Ipart Ito
another?I
- The Imutated Igene Iencodes Ia Iprotein Ithat Iaffects Ithe Iexpression Iof Imany
Iother genes.
8) A Irecent Itechnical Iadvancement Ithat Ihas Iaccelerated Ithe Istudy Iof Igenomes Iis Ithe
Iabilityto I
- sequence Ilarge Icomplex Igenomes Irapidly Iand Iinexpensively.
9) What Iis Ithe Idifference Ibetween Igenetic Idissection Iand Igenome Isequencing?
- Genetic Idissection Ireveals Iinformation Iabout Ione Igene Iat Ia Itime Iand
Page 1 of 124
,2
I genomesequencing I Ireveals Iinformation Iabout Iall Ithe Igenes Iin Ia Igenome Iat Ionce.
10) Currently, Iwhat Iinformation Ican Ibe Iobtained Ifrom Isequencing Ian Iindividual's Igenome?
- Information Iabout Igene Ivariants Ithat Ipredispose Ia Iperson Ito Ia Idisease,
Isuch Iascancer. I
11) Which Iis Inot Ia Ipotential Iproblem Iof Iallowing Ithe Igenomic Isequences Iof Iindividuals
Itobecome I Iwidely Iavailable?
- Advances Ileading Ito Ihealthier Ilives Ifor Isome Ipeople.
12) One Istrand Iof IDNA Ihas Ithe Isequence I5′ IGGTCTA I3′. IWhat Iis Ithe Isequence Iof Ithe
Iotherstrand? I
- 5′ ITAGACC I3′
13) Which Istatement Iis Itrue Iabout Ithe Istructure Iof IDNA?
- The Itwo Istrands Iof Ia IDNA Imolecule Iare Iheld Itogether Iby Ibase Ipairing.
14) The Isize Iof Ithe Imouse I(M. Imusculus) Igenome Iis
I2700 Imegabases I(Mb) Iand Iit
Icontains aboutI I25,000 Igenes Iarranged Ion I40 Ichromosomes. IIf Ithe Igenes Iare Ievenly
Idistributed Ion chromosomesI Iin Ithe Imouse, Iwhat Iis Ithe Iaverage Inumber Iof Igenes Iper
Ichromosome?
- I625
15) Which Istatement Iabout Ithe Istructure Iof Iproteins Iis Ifalse?
- Most Iproteins Iconsist Iof Itwo Iamino Iacid Ipolymers Iattached Itogether Iby
I hydrogen bonding. I
16) Which Iis Ia Istructural Ifeature Ishared Iby IDNA, IRNA, Iand Iproteins?
- The Iorder Iof Imonomers Iis Iimportant Ifor Ifunction.
17) A Isegment Iof Ia Iprotein Ihas Ithe Iamino Iacid Isequence ISer—Gly—Leu. IIs Iit Ipossible Itoinfer
I Ithe Isequence Iof Ithe IRNA Ithat Iencodes Ithis Iamino Iacid Isequence?
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,3
No; Imore Ithan Ione Itype Iof IRNA I(more Ithan Ione Ibase Isequence) Icould Iencode Ithis
Iaminoacid I Isequence.
18) A Isequence Iof Ibases Iin Ithe Imiddle Iof Ian IRNA Iused Ito Iencode Ia Ipolypeptide Ihas Ithe
Isequence IUUA—AUG—CGU. IIs Iit Ipossible Ito Iinfer Ithe Isequence Iof Ithe Iamino Iacids
Iencoded byI Ithis IRNA?
- Yes, Ithe Isequence Iis ILeu—Met—Arg.
Page 3 of 124
, 4
19) Mutation Iof Ia Imouse Igene Iresults Iin Imice Ithat Ilack Iheart Imuscle. IWhat Icharacteristic
Iwould Iyou Iexpect Ito Ifind Iin Ia Ihuman Igene Ithat Ihas Ia Icommon Iorigin Iwith Ithis Imouse
Igene?
- The Ihuman Iand Imouse Igenes Iwill Ispecify Iproteins Iwith Isimilar Iamino
Iacidsequences. I
20) A Imouse Igene Iwas Iidentified Iand Idetermined Ito Ibe Irequired Ifor Iformation Iof Iheart
Imuscle. IA Igene Iwith Ia Isimilar Isequence Iwas Iidentified Iin Ithe Ihuman Igenome. IWhat
Iexperiment Icould Iscientists Ido Ito Idetermine Iif Ithe Imouse Iand Ihuman Igenes Ihave
Isimilarfunctions? I
- The Iscientist Icould Iplace Ithe Inormal Ihuman Igene Iinto Imutant Imice Ito
I see I if
Iheartmuscle I Iforms Iin Ithe Imouse.
21) A Isequence Iof Iamino Iacids Ifound Iin Ia Isubunit Iof Ithe IATP Isynthase Ienzyme Iin Iseveral
Ispecies Iis Ishown Ibelow. IWhich Iamino Iacids Iare Ilikely Ito Ibe Imost Iimportant Ito Ithe
Ifunction ofI IATP Isynthase?
- Those Ithat Iare Ishaded Idark Iblue Ibecause Ithe Iamino Iacids Iare Iidentical
Ibetween species.I
22) The Ifunction Iof Ia Isingle Ifruit Ifly Igene Iwas Iinactivated Icompletely Iby Imutation. IA Ifruit
Iflywith I Ithis Imutation Idid Inot Ihave Ilegs. IWhich Iis Ia Ireasonable Iconclusion Ito Imake
Ibased Ion Ithis Iinformation?
- The Inormal Igene Ifunction Iis Irequired Ifor Ileg Iformation Iin Ifruit Iflies.
23) Galactosemia Iis Ia Imetabolic Idisorder Icharacterized Iby Ithe Iinability Ito Imetabolize
Ithesugar I Igalactose. IPeople Iwith Igalactosemia Isuffer Ifrom Iliver, Ikidney, Iand Ibrain
Idamage Iamong Iother Isymptoms. IA Igene Imutation Iunderlying Igalactosemia Iwas
Iidentified Iby Isequencing Ithe Igenome Iof Ia Iperson Iwith Igalactosemia. IWhat Iadditional
Ievidence Iwould Isupport Ithe Ihypothesis Ithat Ithe Imutation Iin Ithe Icandidate Igene Icauses
Ithe Idisease?
- Sequencing Ithe Igenomes Ifrom Iunrelated Ipeople Iwith Igalactosemia Iand
Idiscovering
thatI Ithey Ialso Ihave Imutations Iin Ithe Icandidate Igene.
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