HESI A2 MODULE SECTION 4 PART 2 - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

(Contains Set 1 & 2 All 50 Complete Questions with Answers) Set 1_ Anatomy and Physiology 1. Fluid balance might be negatively impacted when the fail. a. Kidneys b. Ears c. Nose d. Legs A Kidneys are responsible for regulating fluid balance. 2. Fluid balance isimportant, because comprises about 60-70% of a person’sweight. a. Calcium b. Water c. Iron d. Bone B Fluid balance isimportant, because water comprises about 60-70% of a person’s weight. 3. As a person moves from adolescence to later adulthood, his metabolism a. Beginsto get higher b. Beginsto get lower. c. Stabilizes d. Fluctuates wildly HESI A2 MODULE SECTION 4 PART 2 - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY B Metabolism slows with aging. 4. “Met” refers to a. Mitosis b. The person’s heart rate c. The person’s blood pressure d. The person’s metabolic rate. D “Met” refers to the person’s metabolic rate. 5. Fluid balance isimportant, because the human body loses water every day throughurination, perspiration, feces, and a. Breathing b. Resting c. Meditating d. Outbursts of temper A Fluid balance is important, because the human body loses water every day through urination,perspiration, feces, and breathing. 6. The smallest unit of life in our bodiesis the a. Atom b. Molecule c. Proton d. Cell D The smallest unit of life in our bodies is the cell. 7. One of the functions of the cell membrane is to a. Divide into other cells. b. Control what moves into and out of the cell. c. Fight infection. d. Trap bacteria. B The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interiorof all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ionsand organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells 8. The process of a larger cell dividing into two or more smaller cells is a. Cell division. b. Cell multiplication. c. Mitosis. d. Metabolism. A Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Celldivision is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle. 9. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are all phases of a. Cell division. b. Infection. c. Mitosis. d. Adrenaline. C Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two separate nuclei. The process of mitosis is fast and highly complex.The sequence of events is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. 10. Mitosis is a scientific term that, in layman’s terms, just means a. Cellular disease. b. Nuclear cell division (division of the cell nucleus). c. Infection. d. Atomic fusion. B Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleusinto two identical sets in two separate nuclei. 11. The stage of mitosisin which the chromatin condenses and becomes a chromosomeis a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase A Prophase, is a stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses (it becomes shorter and fatter) into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome in which the chromatin becomesvisible 12. The stage of mitosisin which the chromosomes begin to align is . a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase B Metaphase is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which condensed & highly coiledchromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the middle of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells. Preceded by events in prometaphase and followed by anaphase, microtubules formed in prophase have already found and attached themselves to kinetochores in metaphase 13. The stage of mitosis in which the paired chromosomesseparate, each going to anopposite pole of the cell, is . a. Metaphase b. Prophase c. Anaphase d. Anaphase D Anaphase, from the ancient Greek ἀνά (up) and φάσις (stage), is the stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell. Anaphase begins with the regulated triggering of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Metaphase ends with the destruction of cyclin, which is required for the function of metaphase cyclin-dependent kinases (M-Cdks). Anaphase is initiated with the cleavage of securin, a protein that inhibits the protease known as separase. Separase then cleaves cohesin, a proteinresponsible for holding sister chromatids together.