NEW MEDIA
CHALLENGES
Summary - short and concise as possible :)
Naam K. Man
Studentnr Studentnummer
Klas Klas
Module Module
Docent Docent
Datum Datum
,NEW MEDIA CHALLENGES
K. Man
Inhoudsopgave
1 Utopian (+) and dystopian (-) (Tanis) ...............................................................................4
2 Introduction online privacy (Tanis)....................................................................................5
3 Personalization, privacy and surveillance (Tanis) ............................................................7
4 Trolling, flaming, griefing & harrassment (Tang) ..............................................................9
5 Scientist & journalists being target: online safety issues (Tang) ....................................10
6 Real data revolution of turning big data into knowledge (Krouwel) ................................11
7 Online business models in the aged of information (Masur) ..........................................13
8 eProfiling and ePersuasion (Masur) ...............................................................................15
8.1 Two system theory ..............................................................................................15
9 Social contagion on social media (Masur) ......................................................................17
9.1 Conformity and swarm behavior..........................................................................17
9.2 What is social contagion?....................................................................................17
9.3 How do social media affect this process? ...........................................................17
9.4 Behavioral contagion on social media .................................................................20
9.5 Emotional contagion on social.............................................................................20
9.6 Conclusion...........................................................................................................21
10 Media literacy and digital citizenship (Masur) .............................................................21
10.1 Media literacy is … complex................................................................................21
10.2 Social media literacy ...........................................................................................22
10.3 Media literacy as buffering factor against negative effects..................................23
10.4 Privacy literacy and self-determination................................................................24
10.5 How to foster literacy? .........................................................................................24
10.6 Conclusion...........................................................................................................25
11 Always on: media multitasking and performance (Tanis)............................................25
11.1 What is media multitasking?................................................................................25
11.2 Who engages in media multitasking?..................................................................25
11.3 What sort of media multitasking? (Carrier, 2015) ................................................25
11.4 How do we test our multitasking skills? ...............................................................25
11.5 Threaded cognition (Salvucci 2008) ....................................................................26
11.6 Theories about attention......................................................................................26
11.7 Effects of everyday multitasking upon learning ...................................................27
11.8 When do adolescents multitask? (Cain, 2016) ....................................................27
11.9 Overall discussion causes and effects of MMT ...................................................28
12 Info processing and credibility in the age of internet (Tanis) .......................................28
12.1 Challenge of info processing in the age of internet .............................................28
2
,NEW MEDIA CHALLENGES
K. Man
12.2 Echo chamber (filter bubble) ...............................................................................28
12.3 Selective exposure is driven by attitudes ............................................................29
12.4 What is credibility? ..............................................................................................29
12.5 What are credibility heuristics?............................................................................30
12.6 Credibility judgements. How do one make judgements about credibility and
accuracy of info they encounter online? .........................................................................30
12.7 Prominence-interpretation theory (Fogg, 2003) ..................................................30
12.8 Heuristic-systematic model (Chaiken 1980) ........................................................31
12.9 Cognitive heuristics used for credibility evaluation (6) ........................................31
12.10 Individual differences...........................................................................................31
12.11 Social interaction and information assessment ...................................................32
12.12 Aggregated user-generated info as credible .......................................................32
12.13 Conclusion...........................................................................................................32
13 Social media and political campaigns (Krouwel) .........................................................33
13.1 Life cycle voting (is about what you do; not what’s in your head) .......................33
13.2 Social media and news avoidance ......................................................................33
13.3 High/low infomarion/quality/education .................................................................33
13.4 Education obscures key factor (Fording, 2017)...................................................33
13.5 Education ............................................................................................................34
13.6 Declining prosperity and opportunity ...................................................................35
13.7 Middle class.........................................................................................................35
13.8 Ascribed VS achieved identity .............................................................................35
13.9 Emotions and anxiety matter ...............................................................................36
14 Selective attention, motivated reasoning & attitude formation (Tanis) ........................37
14.1 The belief in online quackery (thesis old students) .............................................37
14.2 Important article: Te Poel 2016 ...........................................................................38
14.3 Conclusion...........................................................................................................39
15 The internet as the domain of extremism and lies (Krouwel) ......................................40
15.1 Polarization on social media (Narayan lezen!) ....................................................40
16 Beyond bias: hostile media effect when consuming news (Tanis) ..............................44
16.1 Why a hostile media effect? ................................................................................44
16.2 HME as an (inter) group phenomenon (hostile media bias) ................................45
16.3 Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) ......................................................46
16.4 Conclusions minimal group paradigm .................................................................46
3
, NEW MEDIA CHALLENGES
K. Man
1 Utopian (+) and dystopian (-) (Tanis)
- Utopia: a community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect
qualities for its citizen.
- Dystopia: a community or society that is undesirable or frightening.
Functions of utopian worldview
- Optimism about the future.
- Strong belief in technological development.
- Push to invest in technological developments.
- Cultural change toward individuation and individual empowerment.
4 industrial revolutions = rapid major changes in economy
1784 Mechanical production: railroads and steam power
(+) men kan verplaatsten A > B
(-) cows scared of trains = preform bad
1870 Mass production: electrical power and the advent of assembly line
(+) mass production = low cost = peep can afford + more jobs (factories)
(-) increases gap rich and poor
1969 Automated production: electronics and computers
(+) scientists benefit from calculators > quicker brains (pc) > quick communications
(-) takes away human jobs, social life loss
2012 Artificial intelligence: big data, robotics and more to come
4
CHALLENGES
Summary - short and concise as possible :)
Naam K. Man
Studentnr Studentnummer
Klas Klas
Module Module
Docent Docent
Datum Datum
,NEW MEDIA CHALLENGES
K. Man
Inhoudsopgave
1 Utopian (+) and dystopian (-) (Tanis) ...............................................................................4
2 Introduction online privacy (Tanis)....................................................................................5
3 Personalization, privacy and surveillance (Tanis) ............................................................7
4 Trolling, flaming, griefing & harrassment (Tang) ..............................................................9
5 Scientist & journalists being target: online safety issues (Tang) ....................................10
6 Real data revolution of turning big data into knowledge (Krouwel) ................................11
7 Online business models in the aged of information (Masur) ..........................................13
8 eProfiling and ePersuasion (Masur) ...............................................................................15
8.1 Two system theory ..............................................................................................15
9 Social contagion on social media (Masur) ......................................................................17
9.1 Conformity and swarm behavior..........................................................................17
9.2 What is social contagion?....................................................................................17
9.3 How do social media affect this process? ...........................................................17
9.4 Behavioral contagion on social media .................................................................20
9.5 Emotional contagion on social.............................................................................20
9.6 Conclusion...........................................................................................................21
10 Media literacy and digital citizenship (Masur) .............................................................21
10.1 Media literacy is … complex................................................................................21
10.2 Social media literacy ...........................................................................................22
10.3 Media literacy as buffering factor against negative effects..................................23
10.4 Privacy literacy and self-determination................................................................24
10.5 How to foster literacy? .........................................................................................24
10.6 Conclusion...........................................................................................................25
11 Always on: media multitasking and performance (Tanis)............................................25
11.1 What is media multitasking?................................................................................25
11.2 Who engages in media multitasking?..................................................................25
11.3 What sort of media multitasking? (Carrier, 2015) ................................................25
11.4 How do we test our multitasking skills? ...............................................................25
11.5 Threaded cognition (Salvucci 2008) ....................................................................26
11.6 Theories about attention......................................................................................26
11.7 Effects of everyday multitasking upon learning ...................................................27
11.8 When do adolescents multitask? (Cain, 2016) ....................................................27
11.9 Overall discussion causes and effects of MMT ...................................................28
12 Info processing and credibility in the age of internet (Tanis) .......................................28
12.1 Challenge of info processing in the age of internet .............................................28
2
,NEW MEDIA CHALLENGES
K. Man
12.2 Echo chamber (filter bubble) ...............................................................................28
12.3 Selective exposure is driven by attitudes ............................................................29
12.4 What is credibility? ..............................................................................................29
12.5 What are credibility heuristics?............................................................................30
12.6 Credibility judgements. How do one make judgements about credibility and
accuracy of info they encounter online? .........................................................................30
12.7 Prominence-interpretation theory (Fogg, 2003) ..................................................30
12.8 Heuristic-systematic model (Chaiken 1980) ........................................................31
12.9 Cognitive heuristics used for credibility evaluation (6) ........................................31
12.10 Individual differences...........................................................................................31
12.11 Social interaction and information assessment ...................................................32
12.12 Aggregated user-generated info as credible .......................................................32
12.13 Conclusion...........................................................................................................32
13 Social media and political campaigns (Krouwel) .........................................................33
13.1 Life cycle voting (is about what you do; not what’s in your head) .......................33
13.2 Social media and news avoidance ......................................................................33
13.3 High/low infomarion/quality/education .................................................................33
13.4 Education obscures key factor (Fording, 2017)...................................................33
13.5 Education ............................................................................................................34
13.6 Declining prosperity and opportunity ...................................................................35
13.7 Middle class.........................................................................................................35
13.8 Ascribed VS achieved identity .............................................................................35
13.9 Emotions and anxiety matter ...............................................................................36
14 Selective attention, motivated reasoning & attitude formation (Tanis) ........................37
14.1 The belief in online quackery (thesis old students) .............................................37
14.2 Important article: Te Poel 2016 ...........................................................................38
14.3 Conclusion...........................................................................................................39
15 The internet as the domain of extremism and lies (Krouwel) ......................................40
15.1 Polarization on social media (Narayan lezen!) ....................................................40
16 Beyond bias: hostile media effect when consuming news (Tanis) ..............................44
16.1 Why a hostile media effect? ................................................................................44
16.2 HME as an (inter) group phenomenon (hostile media bias) ................................45
16.3 Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) ......................................................46
16.4 Conclusions minimal group paradigm .................................................................46
3
, NEW MEDIA CHALLENGES
K. Man
1 Utopian (+) and dystopian (-) (Tanis)
- Utopia: a community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect
qualities for its citizen.
- Dystopia: a community or society that is undesirable or frightening.
Functions of utopian worldview
- Optimism about the future.
- Strong belief in technological development.
- Push to invest in technological developments.
- Cultural change toward individuation and individual empowerment.
4 industrial revolutions = rapid major changes in economy
1784 Mechanical production: railroads and steam power
(+) men kan verplaatsten A > B
(-) cows scared of trains = preform bad
1870 Mass production: electrical power and the advent of assembly line
(+) mass production = low cost = peep can afford + more jobs (factories)
(-) increases gap rich and poor
1969 Automated production: electronics and computers
(+) scientists benefit from calculators > quicker brains (pc) > quick communications
(-) takes away human jobs, social life loss
2012 Artificial intelligence: big data, robotics and more to come
4
