Pathology Practice Exam 1
1. Hypertrophy is the increase in number of cells.
a. True
b. False
2. Which of the following is not a cause of hypertrophy?
a. Removing part of an organ
b. Excessive exercise
c. Aortic valvular disease
3. The involution of the notochord during embryological development is an
example of hyperplasia.
a. True
b. False
4. Severing nerves to skeletal muscles results in denervation atrophy.
a. True
b. False
5. The change from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar
epithelium in the esophagus experienced with GERD is considered what?
a. Atrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Metaplasia
d. Hypertrophy
6. Which type of cell death is associated with ATP use?
a. Apoptosis
b. Necrosis
7. Which type of cell death is associated with cellular fragmentation?
a. Apoptosis
b. Necrosis
8. Which type of cell death is associated with the breakdown of organelles?
a. Apoptosis
b. Necrosis
9. Morphological changes due to cell injury occur before losing cellular
function.
a. True
b. False
10. Which of the following is an example of irreversible cell injury?
a. Cellular swelling
b. Clumping of nuclear chromatin
c. Dilation of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomal detachment
d. Release of enzymes from lysosomal membrane dysfunction
11. What intracytoplasmic contents are associated with cardiac dysfunction?
a. Aspartate transaminase
b. Alanine transaminase
c. Troponin
d. Leukocytes
,12. Which morphological change is characterized by the random fragmentation
of the nucleus?
a. Pyknosis
b. Karyorrhexis
c. Karyolysis
13. In what type of tissue necrosis is the structure of the organ maintained?
a. Gangrenous necrosis
b. Fibrinoid necrosis
c. Coagulation necrosis
d. Liquefactive necrosis
14. What type of necrosis is characterized by granular or cheese-like material?
a. Caseous necrosis
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. Fat necrosis
d. Gangrenous necrosis
15. Fat necrosis is associated with the necrosis of what cells?
a. Liver
b. Pancreatic
c. Intestinal
d. Arterial
16. Which of the following is not a direct downstream effect of decreased ATP?
a. Decrease protein synthesis
b. Increased lactic acid
c. Cellular swelling
d. Damage to DNA
17. Damage to the mitochondria can only lead to necrosis.
a. True
b. False
18. Increased released of calcium into the cytoplasm results in the activation of
what enzymes?
a. Proteases
b. Endonucleasus
c. ATPases
d. All of the above
19. Which of the following is not a pathological effect of ROS?
a. Phospholipase activation
b. DNA damage
c. Lipid peroxidation
d. Protein modifications
20. Damage to what membrane leads to loss of osmotic balance?
a. Lysosomal
b. Plasma
c. Mitochondrial
21. What occurs when restored blood flow causes increased injury to already
injured cells?
a. Ischemia
, b. Necrosis
c. Reperfusion
d. Apoptosis
22. Apoptotic cells are rapidly cleared without activating inflammation.
a. True
b. False
23. Caspases 3, 6, and 7 are what type of caspases?
a. Interleukin converting enzyme like
b. Initiator
c. Effector
24. What structures for the apoptosome before caspase activation in the intrinsic
pathway?
a. Procaspase 8, Bcl-2, Apaf-1
b. Procaspase 8, cytochrome-c, Apaf-1
c. Procaspase 9, Bcl-2, Apaf-1
d. Procaspase 9, cytochrome-c, Apaf-1
25. Activation of which caspase leads to the activation of other executioner
caspases?
a. 2
b. 8
c. 9
d. 7
26. Which of the following does not lead to triglyceride accumulation in the
liver?
a. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
b. Carbon tetrachloride toxicity
c. Ethanol consumption
d. Diabetes
27. Accumulation of hemosiderin indicates excessive levels of what substance?
a. Carbon
b. Transferrin
c. Iron
d. Protein
28. In which case is inflammation injurious?
a. Eliminating necrotic tissue
b. Strong reaction during severe infections
c. Autoimmune reactions
d. A & B
e. B & C
f. All of the above
29. What type of inflammation involves monocytes and lymphocytes?
a. Acute
b. Chronic
30. What type of inflammation is associated with prominent systemic signs?
a. Acute
b. Chronic
1. Hypertrophy is the increase in number of cells.
a. True
b. False
2. Which of the following is not a cause of hypertrophy?
a. Removing part of an organ
b. Excessive exercise
c. Aortic valvular disease
3. The involution of the notochord during embryological development is an
example of hyperplasia.
a. True
b. False
4. Severing nerves to skeletal muscles results in denervation atrophy.
a. True
b. False
5. The change from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar
epithelium in the esophagus experienced with GERD is considered what?
a. Atrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Metaplasia
d. Hypertrophy
6. Which type of cell death is associated with ATP use?
a. Apoptosis
b. Necrosis
7. Which type of cell death is associated with cellular fragmentation?
a. Apoptosis
b. Necrosis
8. Which type of cell death is associated with the breakdown of organelles?
a. Apoptosis
b. Necrosis
9. Morphological changes due to cell injury occur before losing cellular
function.
a. True
b. False
10. Which of the following is an example of irreversible cell injury?
a. Cellular swelling
b. Clumping of nuclear chromatin
c. Dilation of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomal detachment
d. Release of enzymes from lysosomal membrane dysfunction
11. What intracytoplasmic contents are associated with cardiac dysfunction?
a. Aspartate transaminase
b. Alanine transaminase
c. Troponin
d. Leukocytes
,12. Which morphological change is characterized by the random fragmentation
of the nucleus?
a. Pyknosis
b. Karyorrhexis
c. Karyolysis
13. In what type of tissue necrosis is the structure of the organ maintained?
a. Gangrenous necrosis
b. Fibrinoid necrosis
c. Coagulation necrosis
d. Liquefactive necrosis
14. What type of necrosis is characterized by granular or cheese-like material?
a. Caseous necrosis
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. Fat necrosis
d. Gangrenous necrosis
15. Fat necrosis is associated with the necrosis of what cells?
a. Liver
b. Pancreatic
c. Intestinal
d. Arterial
16. Which of the following is not a direct downstream effect of decreased ATP?
a. Decrease protein synthesis
b. Increased lactic acid
c. Cellular swelling
d. Damage to DNA
17. Damage to the mitochondria can only lead to necrosis.
a. True
b. False
18. Increased released of calcium into the cytoplasm results in the activation of
what enzymes?
a. Proteases
b. Endonucleasus
c. ATPases
d. All of the above
19. Which of the following is not a pathological effect of ROS?
a. Phospholipase activation
b. DNA damage
c. Lipid peroxidation
d. Protein modifications
20. Damage to what membrane leads to loss of osmotic balance?
a. Lysosomal
b. Plasma
c. Mitochondrial
21. What occurs when restored blood flow causes increased injury to already
injured cells?
a. Ischemia
, b. Necrosis
c. Reperfusion
d. Apoptosis
22. Apoptotic cells are rapidly cleared without activating inflammation.
a. True
b. False
23. Caspases 3, 6, and 7 are what type of caspases?
a. Interleukin converting enzyme like
b. Initiator
c. Effector
24. What structures for the apoptosome before caspase activation in the intrinsic
pathway?
a. Procaspase 8, Bcl-2, Apaf-1
b. Procaspase 8, cytochrome-c, Apaf-1
c. Procaspase 9, Bcl-2, Apaf-1
d. Procaspase 9, cytochrome-c, Apaf-1
25. Activation of which caspase leads to the activation of other executioner
caspases?
a. 2
b. 8
c. 9
d. 7
26. Which of the following does not lead to triglyceride accumulation in the
liver?
a. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
b. Carbon tetrachloride toxicity
c. Ethanol consumption
d. Diabetes
27. Accumulation of hemosiderin indicates excessive levels of what substance?
a. Carbon
b. Transferrin
c. Iron
d. Protein
28. In which case is inflammation injurious?
a. Eliminating necrotic tissue
b. Strong reaction during severe infections
c. Autoimmune reactions
d. A & B
e. B & C
f. All of the above
29. What type of inflammation involves monocytes and lymphocytes?
a. Acute
b. Chronic
30. What type of inflammation is associated with prominent systemic signs?
a. Acute
b. Chronic
