ATI COMMUNITY HEALTH EXAM 2021 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

What are community health nurses concerned with? Correct answer- protecting, promoting, preserving and maintaining health, as well as preventing disease. How should community nurses use their resources. Correct answer- Must benefit the greatest number of citizens. What is epidemiology? Correct answer- invenstigative study of disease trends in populations to prevent disease and maintain health. The agent Correct answer- animate or inanimate object that causes the disease. (bacteria, virus, pesticide, food additive, etc.) The host Correct answer- living being that is affected by the agent. (human or animal). The environment Correct answer- the setting or surrounding that sustains the host (place of transmission: daycare, body of water, country Incidence: Correct answer- number of new cases in the population at a specific time divided by population total X 1,000= number per 1,000 Prevalence: Correct answer- Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time divided by population total X 1,000= number per 1,000 Mortality rate: Correct answer- number of deaths divided by population total X 1,000=number per 1,000 Attack rate: Correct answer- number of people exposed to a specific agent who develop the disease divided by total number of people exposed. Development of a community health program plan Correct answer- Identify the needs of community: assessment. plan the program implement the program evaluate the effectiveness of program. Primary disease prevention: Correct answer- focus on prevention of the initial occurence of disease or injury. Includes nutrition counseling, family planning, smoking cessation, safety education (seat belt helmet use), prenatal classes. Secondary prevention: Correct answer- focus is on early detection of disease and treatment with goal of limiting severity and adverse effects. includes: screenings (cancer, diabetes, HTN, TB lead exposure) and treatments (STI, TB) tertiary prevention: Correct answer- focus is on maximization of recovery after injury or illness. Includes: exercise rehab, nutrition counseling, case management, support groups. Interpreters Correct answer- NOT family members. Need to have health-related terminology knowledge. Give teaching material in client's primary language. Medicare: Correct answer- older than 65 and receiving Social Security, disability benefits for 2 years, have ALS or kidney failure on dialysis or transplant to qualify. Medicare part A Correct answer- hospital care, home care, limited skilled nursing care Part B Correct answer- medical care, diagnostic services, physiotherapy. Part C Correct answer- combo of part A and B through a private insurance. Part D Correct answer- Prescription drug coverage. Medicaide Correct answer- low socioeconomic status and kids. federal and stage governmental assistance. Priority given to pregnant women, children, and those with disability. Medicade provides: Correct answer- in and outpatient hospital care. home health. radiology. vaccines for children. family planning. pregnancy-related care. screening. diagnosis. and treatment for young un's. Demographic Correct answer- Distribution, mobility, density, census data, racial distrubution Biological Factors: Correct answer- health and disease status, genetics, race, age, gender, causes of death. Social factors: Correct answer- occupation, activities, marital status, education, income, crime rates, recreation, industry. Social Factors: Correct answer- occupation, activities, marital status, education, income, crime rates, recreation, industry Cultural factors: Correct answer- positions, roles, history, values, customs, norms, religion. Why is education inportant: Correct answer- encourages clients to be independent, and involved in the own care. families can also be involved. What does hospice care focus on: Correct answer- enhancing the quality of life through the provision of palliative care, support through the dying process. what are some non-pharmacologic measures to reduce stress/anxiety for the dying: Correct answer- dim lights, reduce, noise, cool cloth on forehead, light and brief massaging on arm or hand. What does a fan accomlish? Correct answer- helps stimulate trigeminal nerve which helps decrease feeling of dyspnea. School nurse: case manager: Correct answer- coordinates services for children who have complex health needs. EX: scheduling treatments around school shcedule. School nurse: consultant: Correct answer- provides professional health information. what is the focus of a public health nurse: Correct answer- populations and communities. confidentiality is a big concern. speak in abstract terms. Public health nurse: core function of assessment: Correct answer- investigating local health hazards. Public health nurse: core function of policy development: Correct answer- updatinglocal policies and support community health efforts. Public health nurse: core function of assurance: Correct answer- collaborate with other agencies to imporove services and ensure competence of health care workers. Education to give to migrant farm workers: Correct answer- teach about environmental health because of exposure to pesticides. TB screening, skin cancer information, and dental health screening. When is partner violence most likely to occur? Correct answer- when abused partner tries to leave. When are majority of homicides commitedd by? Correct answer- friend, acquaintance, or family member. suicidal s/s: Correct answer- giving away belongings, depression, insomnia, lack of social interaction. ASK! Primary manifestation of syphilis: Correct answer- chancre. Secondary manifestation of syphilis: Correct answer- malaise, maculopapular rash on palms, and lymphadenopathy. Hepatitis C is spread Correct answer- through blood and body fluids. eat high carb. Hep. A Correct answer- oral fecal. treat with immunoglobulin and vaccine. Hep B Correct answer- blood and body fluids. Treat with Alpha interferon. What vaccines are safe during pregnancy: Correct answer- DPT What vaccines are not safe during pregnancy: Correct answer- herpes zoster, varicella, and MMR Meningococcal vaccine: Correct answer- for those living in crowded and close quarters, over 6 weeks old. Pertussis: Correct answer- give antibiotics. check innunization. keep at home until coughing passes. MRSA Correct answer- good hand hygiene to prevent spread. no treatment available. Anthrax exposure S/S Correct answer- fever, fatigure, mild chest pain, dry cough. No contagious. fatality is 95- 100% if untreated. Treatment of anthrax: Correct answer- ciprofloxacin, doxycycline with vanco and rifampin TB transmission Correct answer- airborne droplet. requires repeated close contact. TB skin testing: false negative: Correct answer- advanced HIV or AIDS, older adult, and up to 9 weeks after exposure. TB skin testing: false positive: Correct answer- vaccination with BCG for up to 10 years after. Lyme disease: Correct answer- vector borne. reportable disease by state law. AIDS Correct answer- look in mouth for sores. Lead exposure: Correct answer- old homes before 1970. Prevention of lead exposure: Correct answer- increase calcium and iron intake. Wet mop floors. cold water to amek baby formula. don't sand wood. Why are toxin and pollution greater in children? Correct answer- increased RR rate, and drink more fluids thatn adults. kindeys don't work as well. Prevention of asthma attack: Correct answer- stay inside dring winter. get flu shot. take rescue meds PRN not daily. Early manifestations of alzheimers: Correct answer- difficulty learning new things, forgetful late manifestations of alzheimer's: Correct answer- withdrawal from social activities, loss of langague skills, neglecting personal hygeine. Support groups: Correct answer- focus on positive person if someone is being negative. Diabetic shoe teaching: Correct answer- extend 1/2-5/8 inches longer than the longest toe. How to dress a stroke victum: Correct answer- dress affected side first to limit neglect of that side. use hand mirror to see around self. ginkgo balboa: Correct answer- hinders coagulation. not for patients using warfarin. Cancer screening for men: Correct answer- prostate cancer for men over 40, espicially african american men. Diabetes Mellitus for adolescent: Correct answer- help plan diet, eat snack, within 2 hrs. of physical activity. test ketonswhen sick. Peripheral IV should be changed when? Correct answer- Q 72-96 hours. flushed Q8 and prn. PICC line can last? Correct answer- 1 year. flushed daily. Risk factors for gastric ulcers: Correct answer- long term NSAID use. Hplori, stress, family, or personal hisotry.