NUR 2063 Essentials Of Pathophysiology;
Pathophysiology Final Exam
What is allergic asthma associated with?
Correct answer- Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS?
Correct answer- SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Correct answer- Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis?
Correct answer- Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas;
Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack:
Correct answer- Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea
(rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's?
Correct answer- 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45
(acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than
26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Correct answer- Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Correct answer- Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Correct answer- Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
, Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Correct answer- Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer?
Correct answer- No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease?
Correct answer- Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give
Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
What do you call kidney pain?
Correct answer- Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Correct answer- Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Correct answer- E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
Correct answer- Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure?
Correct answer- Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH?
Correct answer- Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension,
Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma?
Correct answer- Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes?
Correct answer- Impaired Glucose Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?
Correct answer- Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
What would we see with hypoparathyroidism?
Correct answer- Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's
Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes?
Correct answer- Give Insulin
Pathophysiology Final Exam
What is allergic asthma associated with?
Correct answer- Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS?
Correct answer- SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Correct answer- Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis?
Correct answer- Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas;
Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack:
Correct answer- Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea
(rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's?
Correct answer- 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45
(acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than
26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Correct answer- Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Correct answer- Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Correct answer- Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
, Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Correct answer- Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer?
Correct answer- No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease?
Correct answer- Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give
Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
What do you call kidney pain?
Correct answer- Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Correct answer- Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Correct answer- E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
Correct answer- Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure?
Correct answer- Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH?
Correct answer- Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension,
Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma?
Correct answer- Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes?
Correct answer- Impaired Glucose Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?
Correct answer- Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
What would we see with hypoparathyroidism?
Correct answer- Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's
Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes?
Correct answer- Give Insulin
