PEDS: Quiz 2 Study Guide Chapters: ATI 15-19 &
42-44; Book 19-20 & 28I
Chapter 15- Cognitive & Sensory Impairments
• Visual impairments
• Myopia (nearsightedness) - Sees close objects clearly but
NOT objects in the DISTANCE
• Headaches, vertigo, eye rubbing, difficulty reading,
clumsiness (freq. walking into objects) & poor school
performance
• Hyperopia (farsightedness) - Sees distant objects clearly
but NOT object that are CLOSE
• Because of accommodation, not detected until 7 yrs
• Astigmatism - Uneven vision in which only parts of letters
on a page can be seen
• Headache, vertigo
• Appearance of normal vision because tilting the head
enable all letters to be seen
• Anisometropia - Diff. refractive strength in each eye
• Headache, vertigo, excessive eye rubbing & poor
school performance
• Amblyopia (lazy eye): reduced visual acuity in one eye
• Strabismus: esotropia- (inward deviation of eye); exotropia
(outward deviation of eye)
• Abnormal corneal light reflex or cover test
• Misaligned eye
• Frowning or squinting
• Diff. seeing print clearly, one eye closed to enable
better vision, head titled to one side
• Headache, dizziness, diplopia, photophobia & crossed
eyes
• Cataracts- decreased ability to see clearly
, • Possible loss of peripheral vision, nystagmus,
strabismus, gray opacity of the lens, absence of red reflex
• Glaucoma- buildup of pressure inside the eye
• Loss of peripheral vision, perception of halos around
objects, red eye, excessive tearing (epiphora),
photophobia, spasmodic winking (blepharospasm), corneal
haziness, enlargement of the eyeball (buphthalmos),
possible pain
• Visual screening- ** 20/20 reached by age 6**
• Snellen letter
• Tumbling E
• Tracking – used in infants
• Hearing Impairments ** can affect speech & ability to hear**
• Hearing defects are associated w/ chronic conditions (down
syndrome & CP)
• Conductive loss – involve interference of sound
transmission
• Caused by otitis media, external ear infection, foreign
bodies or excessive ear wax
• Sensorineural losses- involve interference of the
transmission along the nerve pathways
• Caused by congenital defects or secondary to
acquired conditions (infection, ototoxic med, exposure to
constant noise)
• Central auditory imperception – involves all other hearing
losses (aphasia, agnosia [inability to interpret sounds])
• Expected findings:
• Infants – lack of startle reflex, failure to respond to
noise, absence of vocalization by 7 months, lack of
response to the spoken word
42-44; Book 19-20 & 28I
Chapter 15- Cognitive & Sensory Impairments
• Visual impairments
• Myopia (nearsightedness) - Sees close objects clearly but
NOT objects in the DISTANCE
• Headaches, vertigo, eye rubbing, difficulty reading,
clumsiness (freq. walking into objects) & poor school
performance
• Hyperopia (farsightedness) - Sees distant objects clearly
but NOT object that are CLOSE
• Because of accommodation, not detected until 7 yrs
• Astigmatism - Uneven vision in which only parts of letters
on a page can be seen
• Headache, vertigo
• Appearance of normal vision because tilting the head
enable all letters to be seen
• Anisometropia - Diff. refractive strength in each eye
• Headache, vertigo, excessive eye rubbing & poor
school performance
• Amblyopia (lazy eye): reduced visual acuity in one eye
• Strabismus: esotropia- (inward deviation of eye); exotropia
(outward deviation of eye)
• Abnormal corneal light reflex or cover test
• Misaligned eye
• Frowning or squinting
• Diff. seeing print clearly, one eye closed to enable
better vision, head titled to one side
• Headache, dizziness, diplopia, photophobia & crossed
eyes
• Cataracts- decreased ability to see clearly
, • Possible loss of peripheral vision, nystagmus,
strabismus, gray opacity of the lens, absence of red reflex
• Glaucoma- buildup of pressure inside the eye
• Loss of peripheral vision, perception of halos around
objects, red eye, excessive tearing (epiphora),
photophobia, spasmodic winking (blepharospasm), corneal
haziness, enlargement of the eyeball (buphthalmos),
possible pain
• Visual screening- ** 20/20 reached by age 6**
• Snellen letter
• Tumbling E
• Tracking – used in infants
• Hearing Impairments ** can affect speech & ability to hear**
• Hearing defects are associated w/ chronic conditions (down
syndrome & CP)
• Conductive loss – involve interference of sound
transmission
• Caused by otitis media, external ear infection, foreign
bodies or excessive ear wax
• Sensorineural losses- involve interference of the
transmission along the nerve pathways
• Caused by congenital defects or secondary to
acquired conditions (infection, ototoxic med, exposure to
constant noise)
• Central auditory imperception – involves all other hearing
losses (aphasia, agnosia [inability to interpret sounds])
• Expected findings:
• Infants – lack of startle reflex, failure to respond to
noise, absence of vocalization by 7 months, lack of
response to the spoken word
