ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection 2022.
A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pharyngitis and an allergy to penicillin. The
nurse should recognize that which of the following drugs can be safely administered to this
client? ✅- Azithromycin/Erythromycin.
Rationale: Azithromycin, a macrolide, is an acceptable alternative to penicillin for patients who
have bacterial infections and are allergic to penicillin. The medication is effective against many
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is used for streptococcal pharyngitis.
- Nafcillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are penicillins and are contraindicated for those w/a
penicillin allergy. Vancomuycin and clindamycin are safer alternatives.
- A small percentage of clients who are allergic to penicillin have a cross sensitivity to
cephalosporins. Cephalexin is a cephalosporin and is an inappropriate choice for the client.
A nurse is administering cefotetan IV to a client to treat an intra-abdominal infection. The nurse
notes that the IV insertion site is warm, edematous, and painful to the touch. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take? ✅- Stop the cefotetan infusion.
Rationale: The nurse should stop the infusion, remove the IV catheter, assess for tissue damage,
and treat the client accordingly. The nurse should then initiate IV access via another site,
continuing cefotetan therapy according to prescribed parameters.
- Because the client could have thrombophlebitis, slowing the infusion will not alleviate the
potential tissue damage or risk of embolus, and the IV site should be changed. To prevent
thrombophlebitis, the nurse should dilute cefotetan, a second-generation cephalosporin, and
infuse it slowly over 20 to 30 min.
- The edematous, painful, and warm IV insertion site does not indicate an allergic reaction. The
nurse should administer an antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine, if the client has hives, a
rash, or other indications of an allergy to cephalosporins.
- Switching the client to another antibiotic is essential when the current drug is ineffective or the
client has an intolerable reaction to it.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for aztreonam to treat a respiratory tract
infection. Which of the following findings in the client's medical record should the nurse
recognize as requiring cautious use for this rx and report to the provider? ✅- Renal impairment.
Rationale: Aztreonam, a monobactam, requires cautious use with clients who have renal
dysfunction because it is excreted in the urine. Renal impairment could affect the excretion of
aztreonam, allowing the level of the drug to accumulate. The nurse should report this finding to
the provider, so the provider can prescribe a lower dose for the client or prescribe a different
antimicrobial drug.
, - Contraindicated in those with a viral infection, used cautiously in older adults.
- Metronidazole is an antimicrobial drug that req's cautious use in those with HF.
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who takes an oral contraceptive and is about to begin
rifampin therapy to treat TB. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? ✅-
Use additional/non-hormonal form of contraception, as the drug can increase the metabolism of
oral contraceptives.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a gynecologic infection and a hx of alcohol use disorder.
The nurse should identify that which of the following drugs can cause a rxn similar to disulfiram
if the client drinks alcohol while taking it? SATA. ✅- Cefotetan + Metronidazole
Rationale: Cefotetan, a second-generation cephalosporin, can cause a reaction similar to what
disulfiram causes when clients consume alcohol. This reaction manifests as nausea, severe
vomiting, headache, weakness, and hypotension. Metronidazole, an antiparasitic drug, can cause
a reaction similar to what disulfiram causes when clients consume alcohol. This reaction
manifests as nausea, severe vomiting, headache, weakness, and hypotension.
Does not:
- Nitrofurantoin (urinary tract antiseptic) can cause diarrhea, N/V.
- Amoxicillin (penicillin) can cause diarrhea, N/V.
- Aztreonam (a monobactum) can cause a superinfection with Candida albicans
A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin receiving acyclovir IV to treat a viral
infection. The nurse should recognize that cautious use of the drug is essential if the client also
has which of the following conditions? ✅- Dehydration
Rationale: Acyclovir, an antiviral drug, can cause renal toxicity, especially in clients who are
dehydrated. Hydration during and after IV infusion of the drug can help prevent crystalluria.
Drugs to use cautiously for other options:
- HF: metronidazole (antiparasitic)
- Asthma: amoxicillin
- Tinnitus: vancomycin (antimicrobial)
A nurse in a provider's office receives a call from a client who was recently hospitalized and
treated with imipenem IV for a bacterial infection and reports an inability to eat due to mouth
pain. The nurse should identify that the client might be experiencing which of the following as
an adverse effect of this drug? ✅- Superinfection.
Rationale: Imipenem, a carbapenem, can cause the superinfection Candida albicans in the mouth,
throat, or vagina. It can also cause glossitis, an inflammation or infection of the tongue. Clients
A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pharyngitis and an allergy to penicillin. The
nurse should recognize that which of the following drugs can be safely administered to this
client? ✅- Azithromycin/Erythromycin.
Rationale: Azithromycin, a macrolide, is an acceptable alternative to penicillin for patients who
have bacterial infections and are allergic to penicillin. The medication is effective against many
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is used for streptococcal pharyngitis.
- Nafcillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are penicillins and are contraindicated for those w/a
penicillin allergy. Vancomuycin and clindamycin are safer alternatives.
- A small percentage of clients who are allergic to penicillin have a cross sensitivity to
cephalosporins. Cephalexin is a cephalosporin and is an inappropriate choice for the client.
A nurse is administering cefotetan IV to a client to treat an intra-abdominal infection. The nurse
notes that the IV insertion site is warm, edematous, and painful to the touch. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take? ✅- Stop the cefotetan infusion.
Rationale: The nurse should stop the infusion, remove the IV catheter, assess for tissue damage,
and treat the client accordingly. The nurse should then initiate IV access via another site,
continuing cefotetan therapy according to prescribed parameters.
- Because the client could have thrombophlebitis, slowing the infusion will not alleviate the
potential tissue damage or risk of embolus, and the IV site should be changed. To prevent
thrombophlebitis, the nurse should dilute cefotetan, a second-generation cephalosporin, and
infuse it slowly over 20 to 30 min.
- The edematous, painful, and warm IV insertion site does not indicate an allergic reaction. The
nurse should administer an antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine, if the client has hives, a
rash, or other indications of an allergy to cephalosporins.
- Switching the client to another antibiotic is essential when the current drug is ineffective or the
client has an intolerable reaction to it.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for aztreonam to treat a respiratory tract
infection. Which of the following findings in the client's medical record should the nurse
recognize as requiring cautious use for this rx and report to the provider? ✅- Renal impairment.
Rationale: Aztreonam, a monobactam, requires cautious use with clients who have renal
dysfunction because it is excreted in the urine. Renal impairment could affect the excretion of
aztreonam, allowing the level of the drug to accumulate. The nurse should report this finding to
the provider, so the provider can prescribe a lower dose for the client or prescribe a different
antimicrobial drug.
, - Contraindicated in those with a viral infection, used cautiously in older adults.
- Metronidazole is an antimicrobial drug that req's cautious use in those with HF.
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who takes an oral contraceptive and is about to begin
rifampin therapy to treat TB. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? ✅-
Use additional/non-hormonal form of contraception, as the drug can increase the metabolism of
oral contraceptives.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a gynecologic infection and a hx of alcohol use disorder.
The nurse should identify that which of the following drugs can cause a rxn similar to disulfiram
if the client drinks alcohol while taking it? SATA. ✅- Cefotetan + Metronidazole
Rationale: Cefotetan, a second-generation cephalosporin, can cause a reaction similar to what
disulfiram causes when clients consume alcohol. This reaction manifests as nausea, severe
vomiting, headache, weakness, and hypotension. Metronidazole, an antiparasitic drug, can cause
a reaction similar to what disulfiram causes when clients consume alcohol. This reaction
manifests as nausea, severe vomiting, headache, weakness, and hypotension.
Does not:
- Nitrofurantoin (urinary tract antiseptic) can cause diarrhea, N/V.
- Amoxicillin (penicillin) can cause diarrhea, N/V.
- Aztreonam (a monobactum) can cause a superinfection with Candida albicans
A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin receiving acyclovir IV to treat a viral
infection. The nurse should recognize that cautious use of the drug is essential if the client also
has which of the following conditions? ✅- Dehydration
Rationale: Acyclovir, an antiviral drug, can cause renal toxicity, especially in clients who are
dehydrated. Hydration during and after IV infusion of the drug can help prevent crystalluria.
Drugs to use cautiously for other options:
- HF: metronidazole (antiparasitic)
- Asthma: amoxicillin
- Tinnitus: vancomycin (antimicrobial)
A nurse in a provider's office receives a call from a client who was recently hospitalized and
treated with imipenem IV for a bacterial infection and reports an inability to eat due to mouth
pain. The nurse should identify that the client might be experiencing which of the following as
an adverse effect of this drug? ✅- Superinfection.
Rationale: Imipenem, a carbapenem, can cause the superinfection Candida albicans in the mouth,
throat, or vagina. It can also cause glossitis, an inflammation or infection of the tongue. Clients
