ATI TEAS Science Questions and Answers 2022 with complete solutiom

Which of the following illustrates a negative feedback mechanism that occurs in the human body? a)the release of insulin from the pancreas in response to an increase in blood sugar levels b) the release of glucagon from the pancreas in response to an increase in blood- sugar levels c) the release of oxytocin resulting in uterine contractions as childbirth is underway d) chemical reactions that result in coagulation due to fibrin being released Correct answer- a) the release of insulin from the pancreas in response to an increase in blood - sugar levels Pancreatic cells have an abundance of _______ to meet the protein production demands of the cell a) nuclei b)mitochondria c)lysosomes d) rough endoplasmic reticulum Correct answer- d) rough endoplasmic reticulum Nails are made of a protein called ____ a) collagen b)vinculin c)keratin d) elastin Correct answer- c) keratin Anxiety about an upcoming final exam causes a student to experience an increase in blood pressure, dilation of the pupils, and a dry mouth. Which of the following nervous system responses is responsible for these physical symptoms? A. Voluntary B. Sympathetic C. Limbic D. Cognitive Correct answer- b) sympathetic Which of the following results from the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine into the nerve synapse? a) the presynaptic neuron fires an action potential b) Dopamine binds to receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell c)Dopamine enters the cytoplasm of the postsynaptic cell d) dopamine cause the postsynaptic nerve cell to contract Correct answer- b) dopamine binds to receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome in a living cell? a) production of ATP molecules from energy in nutrient molecules b) Disposal and recycling of damaged or unneeded cell parts c) Use of genetic information to build specific protein molecules d) regulation of molecules entering and leaving the cell Correct answer- c) use of genetic information to build specific protein molecules if an intensive property in independent of the amount of the material being measured, which of the following is an example of intensive property? a)Length b)mass c)volume d) density Correct answer- c) Density Which of the following statements correctly matches a body system with its function? a) the digestive system facilitates absorption of substances into the bloodstream b) the respiratory system transports oxygenated blood throughout the lungs and body c) The excitatory system prevents harmful substances from entering the body d) The endocrine system transports hormones from place to place within the body Correct answer- a) the digestive system facilitates absorption of substance into the blood stream 235 U . --- . X + 4HE 92 . 2 which of the following is "x" in the reaction above? a) 239 Pu 94 b) 231 Pu 94 c) 231 Th 90 Correct answer- c) 231 Th 90 What is the role of the urethra? a) to transport urine out of the body b) to transport the egg to the uterus c) to connect the kidneys to the bladder d) to connect the uterus to the outside of the body Correct answer- a) to transport urine out of the body Which of the following is the form of energy contained in nutrient molecules and in ATP's high-energy bonds? a) mechanical energy b)potential energy c)kinetic energy d)radiation energy Correct answer- b) potential energy A researcher decides to repeat an experiment and reassess results first established in the 1930's about why plants grow toward light. Which of the following is the best reason for conduction this experiment? a)plant behavior could have modified due to evolutionary processes since the experiments were first done b)new breeds of plants discovered since the 1930's have not yet been shown to have to same light responses c)shifts in average temperatures produced by global warming may affect plants in ways that are not yet understood d)equipment and methods developed since the 1930's may produce better data and provide mechanistic detail. Correct answer- d) equipment and methods developed since the 1930's may produce better developed data and provide mechanistic detail Which of the following glands produces melatonin, the hormones that regulates sleep? a) thyroid b)hypothalamus c)pituitary d) pineal Correct answer- d) pineal Which of the following explains why damage to the spleen reduces the production of granulocytes? a)damage to the spleen reduces the production of granulocytes b) damage to the spleen causes massive blood loss c) damage to the spleen results in loss of clotting ability d) damage to the spleen results in decreased red blood cell production and maturation Correct answer- b) damage to the spleen causes massive blood loss When an enzyme is degraded into its monomeric structural units, the monomers will be a)monosaccharides b)fatty acids c)nucleotides d)amino acids Correct answer- d) amino acids Which of the following enzymes breaks down complex carbohydrates? a) amylase b) pepsin c)lactase d)lipase Correct answer- a) amylase Which of the following is the purpose of using a control groups in an investigation? a) to establish a standard for data comparison b)to provide the correct answer to an investigation c) to determine the dependent variables d) to function as a third variable group Correct answer- a) to establish a standard for data comparison Which of the following contains the testes? a) epididymis b) Mesentery b)prostate d) scrotum Correct answer- d) scrotum Which of the following glands is exclusively found in males? a) adrenal b)parathyroid c)Cowper's d) pituitary Correct answer- c) Cowper's Which of the following conditions is related to an abnormality in the function of red blood cells? a) arrhythmia b) Anemia c) hypertension d) leukemia Correct answer- b) anemia Which of the following processes explains why an individual that has suffered a broken bone and is immobilized for an extended period of time experiences bone mass loss? a) demineralization b)muscle atrophy c) ossification d) kyphosis Correct answer- a) demineralization a blood sample taken from a patient fighting an infection is expected to show a) reduced white blood cell count b)elevated white blood cell count c) elevated red blood cell count d)reduced red blood cell count Correct answer- b) elevated white blood cell count Which of the following is part of the small intestine? a) ileum b) colon c) Pylorus d) Cecum Correct answer- a) ileum Which of the following hormones is produced in the ovaries? a) estrogen b) vasopressin c) prolactin d) oxytocine Correct answer- a) estrogen Which pf the following explains why gases are termed "compressible" and liquids are not? a) particles have fixed volume and are able to occupy the contained in which they are contained b) particles do not have much empty space between them, thus making them rigid c) particles have a large amount of empty space between them d) particles are held closely together by intermolecular forces Correct answer- c) particles have a large amount of empty space between them which of the following glands is found on top of the kidneys? a) thyroid b) pituitary c) adrenal d) pancreas Correct answer- c) adrenal which of the following explains what happens to the circulatory system during hyperventilation? a) oxygen levels increase, causing an increase in blood pH b) Oxygen levels decrease, causing a decrease in blood pH c) Carbon dioxide levels decrease, causing an increase in blood pH d) Carbon dioxide levels increase, causing a decrease in blood pH Correct answer- c) Carbon dioxide levels decrease, causing an increase in blood pH HCl + Mg(OH)2 -- MgCl2 + H2O Balance the equation above. Which of the following describes the number of moles of each product that are formed by this chemical reaction after is has been balanced? a) one mole magnesium chloride, one mole water b) one mole magnesium chloride, two moles water c) two moles magnesium chloride, one mole water d) two moles magnesium chloride, two moles water Correct answer- b) one mole magnesium chloride, two moles water Which of the following molecules, if present in urine, indicates a problem with kidney function? a) Albumin b) Creatinine c) Sodium Ions d) water Correct answer- a) Albumin A blood pressure reading of 120/70 mm HG refers to arterial pressures recorded during a) atrial contraction/ventricular contraction b) atrial contraction/ ventricular relaxation c) Ventricular contraction/ Ventricular relaxation d) Ventricular relaxation/ atrial relaxation Correct answer- c) ventricular contraction/ ventricular relaxation Which of the following organs stores bile? a) stomach b)liver c)small intestine d) Gallbladder Correct answer- d) gallbladder Skeletal muscle contraction is stimulated by the neurotransmitter ______, which is released by nerves at the neuromuscular junction a) acetylcholine b)nitric oxide c) dopamine d) glycine Correct answer- a) acetylcholine Which of the following layers of the epidermis contains cells that provide protection against UV radiation? a) stratum corneum b) stratum lucidum c) stratum spinosum d) stratum basale Correct answer- d) stratum basale Seaweed -- Snail-- Fish-- Dolphin Using the food chain above, which of the following terms best describes the trophic level of snails? A. Producer B. Primary consumer C. Secondary consumer D. Tertiary consumer Correct answer- b) primary consumer The lungs are covered by a membrane called the a) pericardium b) periosteum c) symphysis d) pleura Correct answer- d) pleura It has been hypothesized that chloroplasts originated from photosynthetic cyanobacteria that became symbiotic inside a host cell. Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence for this suggestion? a) microscopically, chloroplasts appear similar to cyanobacteria b) chloroplast DNA shows clear similarities to cyanobacteria DNA c) Both chloroplasts and cyanobacteria are green and perform photosynthesis d) Photosynthesis cyanobacteria and fungi form a mutualistic association in lichen Correct answer- b) chloroplast DNA shows clear similarities to cyanobacteria DNA A student made a culture of yeast cells in a test tube by mixing a pinch of dry yeast with 10 milliliters (mL) of distilled water. This test tube was labeled A. The student then took 1 mL of the resulting solution and placed it in test tube B and with 9 mL of distilled water. The student continued using this method of serial dilution through trial E as shown in the figure above. Examining the solution in test tube E under a microscope, the student found that there were 1,500 yeast cells per milliliter. Which of the following is the concentration of yeast cells per milliliter in test tube c. a) 15 b) 150 c)15,000 d) 150,000 Correct answer- b) 150 The cause of cell differentiation is that different cells a) contain different DNA b) have different chromosomes c) contain similar protein information d) express alternate genetic information Correct answer- d) express alternate genetic information Which of the following cell types produce antibodies? a) t- cells b) dendritic cells c) b- cells d) natural killer cells Correct answer- c) b- cells Cystic Firbrosis is a homozygous recessive condition. A genetic counselor should advise concerned parents that, if each of them has a parent who has cystic fibrosis yet neither of the concerned parents is affected, the probability of their potential child having cystic fibrosis is a) 0% b) 25 % c) 50% d) 100% Correct answer- b) 25% 1. preservation of genes of best - adapted offspring 2. Overproduction of offspring with variation in traits 3. Differential survival in the face of environmental challenges Which of the following is the sequence in which these steps take place? a) 3,2,1 b) 1,3,2 c) 2,1,3 d) 2,3,1 Correct answer- d) 2,3,1 Which of these terms specifically means the intake and expulsion of air using the lungs? a) inspiration b) aeration c) Ventilation d) Oxygenation Correct answer- c) ventilation Which of the following is the iron- containing protein in red blood cells ? a)plasma b) deoxyribonucleic acid c) hemoglobin d) myoglobin Correct answer- c) hemoglobin Which of the following connects bones to muscles? a)ligaments b) tendons c) synovium d) suture Correct answer- b) tendons A first degree burn involves which of the following layers of skin? a) epidermis only b) epidermis and part of the dermis c) epidermis and all of the dermis d) epidermis, dermis, and some muscle and bone Correct answer- a) epidermis only Which of the following food sources provides the majority of the urea that is filtered from the blood via the kidneys? a) meat and some plant products, such as legumes b) fruits, such as pineapple and pear c) lard and various oils, such as vegetables and canola d) grain products, such as breads and pasta Correct answer- a) meat and some plant products, such as legumes Which of the following correctly lists the cellular hierarchy from the simplest to the most complex structure? , tissue, organ, organ system, organism e, cell, organ, organ system, organism ism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell d. organ system, organism, organ, tissue, cell Correct answer- a. cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell? a.It does not affect the cell. b.It will stay the same. c. It will shrink. d. It will swell. Correct answer- c. it will shrink What are groups of cells that perform the same function called? a. molecules b. organs c. plastids d. tissues Correct answer- d. tissues When does the nuclear division of somatic cells take place during cellular reproduction? a. cytokinesis b. mitosis c. interphase is Correct answer- b. mitosis Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system? a. brain, spinal cord, and nerve cells b. lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow c. nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveolus, and diaphragm d. heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries Correct answer- b. lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow The rate of a chemical reaction depends on all of the following except a. surface area. b. temperature. c. presence of catalysts. d. amount of mass lost. Correct answer- d. amount of mass lost Which of the answer choices provided best defines the following statement? For a given mass and constant temperature, an inverse relationship exists between the volume and pressure of a gas? a. Charles' Law b. Boyle's Law c. Stefan-Boltzmann Law d. Ideal Gas Law Correct answer- b. Boyle's Law Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are similar in having which of the following? a. Presence of a nucleus.