DSST Health and Human Development

Self-esteem Ans- General feelings of self-worth or self-value Self-efficacy Ans- Belief in one's ability to succeed at task or performance Self-confidence Ans- Belief in one's personal worth and likelihood of succeeding (combo of self-esteem and self-efficacy) Self-concept Ans- overall nature and organization of beliefs about one's self Rationalization Ans- Making excuses for one's behavior Autonomic nervous system Ans- Part of the peripheral nervous system and consists of the nerves that are not under conscious control Obsession Ans- An irrational thought Compulsion Ans- An irrational act Generatively Ans- Process of contributing to the collective good Spiritual dimension Ans- Beliefs, practices and relationship with other living things Humanistic therapies Ans- Focus on self development, growth, and responsibilities Living will Ans- person provides instructions for their own medical care if unable to Health Care Proxy Ans- Person appoints another person to make decisions for them (H) Durable power of attorney Ans- Person appoints another person to make decisions for them (P) Old people Ans- age group most prone to injury by falling Home Ans- Most injuries happen here Homicide Ans- Most common work related deaths for women Regeneration Ans- Type of treatment used when cell tissue is used to replace tissues or organs to establish normal function Morbidity rate Ans- The relative incidence of disease among a population Mortality rate Ans- The number of deaths in a population in a given period of time Death Ans- lack of heartbeat and breathing, lack of central nervous system function, and the presence of rigor mortis Palliative care Ans- A form of medical care for terminally ill people that focuses on reducing pain and other discomforting symptoms and allows patients to function and enjoy the remainder of their lives as fully as possible Empowerment Ans- The key to successful community based health promotion 60% Ans- Percentage of Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) that occur as a result of speeding Home Ans- Most MVAs occur close to 5% Ans- Americans constitute what percent of the world's population? 24% Ans- American's consume what percent of the world's energy? Food and Nutrition Board of the Institutes of Medicine (IOM) Ans- Established the Dietary Reference for Macronutrients EPA Ans- Monitors the maximum contamination level of drinking water Home furnaces Ans- Common source of air pollutants Mid-20s Ans- Average age of person diagnosed with depression Bipolar Ans- Disorder that involves major swings from very low mood (depression) to very high mood (mania) Schizophrenia Ans- Psychotic disorder that involves the inability to tell reality from fantasy Medicaid Ans- Government insurance program for persons of all ages whose income and resources are insufficient to pay for health care Congestive heart failure Ans- A condition resulting from the heart's inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it; blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body Atherosclerosis Ans- kind of CVD, layers of artery walls are made thin by plaque. Reduced blood supply. Can be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, high levels of sugar in the blood Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) Ans- an inherited condition in which there is an enlargement of the heart muscle, especially between the two ventricles. Often the cause of sudden death of young athletes. Coronary heart disease (CHD) Ans- Heart disease caused by atherosclerosis in the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle; also called coronary artery disease. Ischemic heart disease Ans- is also known as coronary artery disease or hardening of the arteries. Cholesterol plaque can build up in the arteries of the heart and cause "ischemia, which means the heart is not getting enough blood flow and oxygen Heart attack Ans- blockage stops heart from receiving oxygen rich blood Hypertension Ans- high blood pressure 120/80 Ans- Normal adult blood pressure Prehypertension Ans- state that requires monitoring, blood pressure 140/80 Monounsaturated fats Ans- help reduce heart disease (e.g., olive oil) mitral valve prolapse Ans- occurs when the valve between the left atria and left ventricle is abnormal stroke Ans- Fatty buildup in arteries connected to Carcinoma Ans- epithelial tissues (skin, breast, uterus, lungs, gast. tract, prostate) most common Sarcomas Ans- onnective and fibrous tissue (muscle, bone, cartilage) Leukemia Ans- blood-forming cells, bone marrow Melanoma Ans- most serious type of skin cancer 40 Ans- American Cancer Society says women should start getting routine mammograms at age Month Ans- Women should perform self-exam once a Prophylactic oophorectomy Ans- removal of ovaries if at high risk of ovarian or breast cancer Chemo Ans- What type of treatment would be used for cancer that has spread to multiple organs? B cells Ans- What cells generate an antibody response? Type I Diabetes Ans- Juvenile onset. Loss of insulin production. Auto immune. Damage to pancreas. Genetics. Type II Diabetes Ans- adult onset. Cells cannot properly respond to insulin. Poor Diet/lifestyle/obesity. Also genetics. Insulin Ans- Activates glucose transport Lupus Ans- Collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissues Multiple Sclerosis Ans- A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves Rheumatoid arthritis Ans- an autoimmune disease where your immune system attacks your body causing inflammation Osteoarthritis Ans- occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down. wear and tear. Osteoporosis Ans- week bones. New bone creation does keep up with bone removal. Cartilage in joints get worn away. Part D Ans- Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act added these benefits Germ cell Ans- any biological cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually Alzheimers Ans- Longer life expectancy and increased fatty diets increase this disease Mononucleosis Ans- a viral infection causing fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands, especially in the neck Antibiotic Ans- If a STD's acronym/name does not end in V/virus, it is likely caused by a bacteria that may be treated with an Epstein-Barr virus Ans- best known as the cause of Mono Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Ans- Epstein-Barr is also associated with (CFS) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) Ans- an illness that causes severe exhaustion, fatigue, aches, and depression and mostly affects women in their thirties and forties Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Ans- nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged, myelin producing cells are destroyed disrupting the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate Chickenpox Ans- caused by a Herpes virus called Varicella Gardasil Ans- vaccine that helps to protect against 4 types of HPV Antibody Ans- a protein molecule which destroys bacteria or virus called antigen Vaginitis Ans- (BV, YEAST) - caused by bacteria, yeasts, or viruses Syphilis Ans- caused by bacteria Treponema Gonorrhea Ans- ('The Clap') - is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea Chlamydia Ans- a disease caused by the bacteria C_____________ trachomatis Chancroid Ans- caused by a type of bacteria called Haemophilus ducreyi Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Ans- The source of energy that is used to power the movement of contraction in working muscles - the body's biochemical way to store and transport energy. Aerobic Ans- Requires oxygen to produce ATP (Walking, jogging, aerobics) Anaerobic Ans- does not require oxygen to produce ATP (strength training, sprinting) Isometric Ans- application of force without movement (clenching abdominal muscles, planks, wall sits) Isotonic Ans- application of force with movement (push-ups, bench pressing) Isokinetic Ans- maintains constant speed of movement, often specialized machines (exercise bike) Overload Principle Ans- muscles need above normal stress for muscle adaptation Reversibility Ans- athletes lose the beneficial effects of training when they stop working out Resistance training Ans- The best way to add muscle mass e.g., weight training Concentric contraction Ans- when your muscle shortens in length and develops tension Eccentric contraction Ans- when your muscle lengthens and develops tension Maximum heart rate Ans- Subtract age from 220 Target heart rate Ans- Multiply maximum heart rate by 60%-90% 90-130 mg/dL Ans- Blood sugar level before bedtime 40-49 mg/dL Ans- Normal HDL cholesterol: men 50-59 mg/dL Ans- Normal HDL cholesterol: women 95 Ans- To carry the USDA organic seal, a product must contain at least ___% organic ingredients 3-5 oz Ans- Recommended to consume how much meat per day? glycemic effect Ans- Foods effect on increasing glucose levels Corn and Beans Ans- two incomplete proteins that are often eaten together (complementary proteins) Basal Metabolic Rate Ans- As you age you have decreased caloric need because you also have a decrease in your Fiber Ans- can absorb water into intestinal tract, help reduce LDL and delay gastric emptying fats Ans- carry vitamins and are needed for absorption of these vitamins Trans-fats Ans- What causes a type of "double jeopardy" because it both increases LDL and decreases HDL? Follicle-stimulating hormone Ans- stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs while in men, it stimulates the production of sperm Luteinizing hormone Ans- works together with Follicle-stimulating hormone and is also essential to the process. In women, it causes the ovary to release the mature egg and in men, it stimulates the production of testosterone. neonate Ans- Newborn baby in first four weeks of life Amniocentesis Ans- a test administered during pregnancy to check the baby for genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities Preeclampsia Ans- a dangerous condition in pregnant women where the patient has elevated blood pressure and high levels of protein in the urine Corpus Luteum Ans- after ovulation, the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle starts when the remnants of the graafian follicle restructure themselves Coitus interruptus Ans- the contraceptive practice in which the erect penis is removed from the vagina just before ejaculation of semen Abortion Ans- 1973 U.S. Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade Dyspareunia Ans- painful intercourse Companionate Ans- replaces passionate love Vasocongestion Ans- occurs during sexual arousal uterus Ans- In normal pregnancy the fertilized egg implants in the vacuum aspiration Ans- In America, a women who is 6 weeks pregnant will usually have an abortion by zygote Ans- A fertilized egg drug induced rape prevention and punishment act Ans- federal mandate that gives a 20 year sentence for date rape Vitamin B9 (folic acid) & B12 Ans- helps prevent spina bifida (baby's spinal cord fails to develop) 12-17 Ans- 35.8% of sexual assaults occur when the victim is between the ages of 500 Ans- A breastfeeding mother should consume an additional ____ calories Fissure Ans- health hazard of anal sex St. John's Wort Ans- Herb supplement that can interfere with efficacy of oral contraceptives Kubler-Ross Ans- a psychiatrist working closely with terminally ill patients at the University of Chicago's Billings Hospital, was able to observe the emotional reactions of dying people. In her classic book On Death and Dying. epitaph Ans- Writing on a grave marker or monument Coma Ans- possible when Blood Alcohol Content reaches .35 Psychoactive drugs Ans- any substance capable of altering feelings, moods, or perceptions - stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, opiates, and inhalants Psychoactive drugs Ans- Drugs that cause intoxication, alter feelings, behavior, perceptions and moods synergistic effect Ans- dangerous consequence of taking different drugs in the same general category at the same time - the combined use of alcohol and tranquilizers produces a _____________ ___________ greater than the total effect of each of the two drugs taken separately. Prescription drugs Ans- 30-50% are taken incorrectly (wrong dosage, times of day). oxidation Ans- Alcohol is removed from the body through Binge drinking Ans- Consuming 5 drinks in a row at least once in previous 2 week period is called Men Ans- more likely to abuse drugs gateway drugs Ans- Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana depressants Ans- Opiates, tranquilizers and barbiturates; not hallucinogens Loss of control Ans- when you cannot control your desire to get the drug again Men Ans- Smoke the most 22.5% Ans- Percentage of Americans who smoke Carbon Monoxide Ans- toxic gas released when smoking a cigarette Cocaine Ans- blocks reuptake of dopamine Eustress Ans- positive stress (winning, promotion) Distress Ans- unpleasant stressor (acute stress- short term threat, chronic stress- long term) Hyperstress Ans- forced to perform above normal capacity Hypostress Ans- stress due to boredom Chronic Ans- stress that goes on for a long time General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) (Hans Selye) Ans- a person's body adapts to a stressor through a set of physical reactions: 1. Alarm 2. Resistance (cope with stressor, release of cortisol) 3. Exhaustion Precontemplation Ans- Transtheoretical Model does not think they have a problem or do not want to change Contemplation Ans- Transtheoretical Model thinking about and weighing costs of change. May not know how to proceed. Intend to take action in 6 months Preparation Ans- Transtheoretical Model planning to take action in 1 month or have begun to make small changes Action Ans- Transtheoretical Model outwardly modifying behavior. Stage requires most commitment. At risk for relapse Maintenance Ans- Transtheoretical Model maintained healthy lifestyle for 6 months. Stage can last months or years. Termination Ans- Transtheoretical Model no longer tempted to lapse back into old behavior Sympathetic nervous system Ans- primary process is to stimulate the body's fight-or- flight response Parasympathetic nervous system Ans- responsible for stimulation of "rest-and-digest" or "feed and breed" activities that occur when the body is at rest, especially after eating, including sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation (tears), urination,digestion and defecation.