Chapter 1: Nursing Today
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The first practicing nurse epidemiologist was
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Mildred Montag.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Mary Agnes Snively.
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mildred Montag, Clara Barton, and Mary Agnes
Snively came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dr. Mildred Montag established the first
associate degree nursing program in 1952. Mary Agnes Snively began forming the Canadian
National Association of Trained Nurses in 1883.
DIF: Remember REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
2. The American Red Cross was founded by
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Harriet Tubman.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Mary Mahoney.
ANS: C
In 1882, the United States ratified the American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton.
Florence Nightingale established the Training School for Nurses in London, England, in 1860.
Harriet Tubman was active in the Underground Railroad movement during the American
Civil War. Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse.
DIF: Remember REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
3. Nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement in 1893 were among the first nurses to
demonstrate autonomy in practice. This was because those nurses
a. Had no ability to work in the hospital setting.
b. Were required to use critical thinking skills.
c. Focused solely on healing the very ill.
d. Planned their care around research findings.
ANS: B
, In 1893, nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement were some of the first to demonstrate
autonomy in practice because they encountered situations that required quick and innovative
problem solving and critical thinking, and provided therapies aimed at maintaining wellness,
as well as curing the ill. Nursing hospitals expanded in the late nineteenth century and were
major providers of nursing care. Not until the early twentieth century was there a movement
toward a scientific, research-based body of nursing knowledge.
DIF: Understand REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
4. In 1923, the Goldmark Report was an important study that
a. Formed formal nurse midwifery programs.
b. Established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights.
c. Revised the ANA code of ethics.
d. Led to the development of the Yale School of Nursing.
ANS: D
In 1923, the Goldmark Report identified the need for increased financial support for
university-based schools of nursing. As a result, the Yale School of Nursing was developed.
Graduate nurse midwifery programs did not come into existence until the 1940s, and the
Center for Ethics and Human Rights was founded in 1990. The ANA code of ethics was
published in 1985 and was last updated in 2001.
DIF: Remember REF: 2-3
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
5. The major difference between a baccalaureate degree nursing program and an associate’s
degree nursing program is that the baccalaureate program includes studies in
a. Basic sciences and theoretical courses.
b. Social sciences and humanities.
c. Theoretical and clinical courses.
d. Basic sciences and clinical courses.
ANS: B
Both associate’s degree programs and baccalaureate programs focus on basic sciences and on
theoretical and clinical courses. Baccalaureate programs, however, also focus on courses in
the social sciences, arts, and humanities to support nursing theory.
DIF: Understand REF: 5
OBJ: Describe educational programs available for professional registered nurse education.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Teaching/Learning
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice
nurse and has earned her master’s degree as a family nurse practitioner. However, she seems
unfulfilled and has a strong desire to do research. To fulfill her desire, the nurse most likely
would apply to attend a program that would lead to a
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc).
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD).
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP).
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The first practicing nurse epidemiologist was
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Mildred Montag.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Mary Agnes Snively.
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mildred Montag, Clara Barton, and Mary Agnes
Snively came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dr. Mildred Montag established the first
associate degree nursing program in 1952. Mary Agnes Snively began forming the Canadian
National Association of Trained Nurses in 1883.
DIF: Remember REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
2. The American Red Cross was founded by
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Harriet Tubman.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Mary Mahoney.
ANS: C
In 1882, the United States ratified the American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton.
Florence Nightingale established the Training School for Nurses in London, England, in 1860.
Harriet Tubman was active in the Underground Railroad movement during the American
Civil War. Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse.
DIF: Remember REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
3. Nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement in 1893 were among the first nurses to
demonstrate autonomy in practice. This was because those nurses
a. Had no ability to work in the hospital setting.
b. Were required to use critical thinking skills.
c. Focused solely on healing the very ill.
d. Planned their care around research findings.
ANS: B
, In 1893, nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement were some of the first to demonstrate
autonomy in practice because they encountered situations that required quick and innovative
problem solving and critical thinking, and provided therapies aimed at maintaining wellness,
as well as curing the ill. Nursing hospitals expanded in the late nineteenth century and were
major providers of nursing care. Not until the early twentieth century was there a movement
toward a scientific, research-based body of nursing knowledge.
DIF: Understand REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
4. In 1923, the Goldmark Report was an important study that
a. Formed formal nurse midwifery programs.
b. Established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights.
c. Revised the ANA code of ethics.
d. Led to the development of the Yale School of Nursing.
ANS: D
In 1923, the Goldmark Report identified the need for increased financial support for
university-based schools of nursing. As a result, the Yale School of Nursing was developed.
Graduate nurse midwifery programs did not come into existence until the 1940s, and the
Center for Ethics and Human Rights was founded in 1990. The ANA code of ethics was
published in 1985 and was last updated in 2001.
DIF: Remember REF: 2-3
OBJ: Discuss the historical development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning
5. The major difference between a baccalaureate degree nursing program and an associate’s
degree nursing program is that the baccalaureate program includes studies in
a. Basic sciences and theoretical courses.
b. Social sciences and humanities.
c. Theoretical and clinical courses.
d. Basic sciences and clinical courses.
ANS: B
Both associate’s degree programs and baccalaureate programs focus on basic sciences and on
theoretical and clinical courses. Baccalaureate programs, however, also focus on courses in
the social sciences, arts, and humanities to support nursing theory.
DIF: Understand REF: 5
OBJ: Describe educational programs available for professional registered nurse education.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Teaching/Learning
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice
nurse and has earned her master’s degree as a family nurse practitioner. However, she seems
unfulfilled and has a strong desire to do research. To fulfill her desire, the nurse most likely
would apply to attend a program that would lead to a
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc).
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD).
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP).
