Chapter 01: Nursing, Theory, and Professional Practice
Yoost & Crawford: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative
Practice, 2nd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A group of nursing students are discussing the impact of nonnursing theories in clinical
practice. The students would be correct if they chose which theory to prioritize patient
care?
a. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
b. Paul’s Critical-Thinking Theory
c. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
d. Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model
ANS: C
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs specifies the psychological and physiologic factors that
affect each person’s physical and mental health. The nurse’s understanding of these factors
helps with formulating Nursing diagnoses that address the patient’s needs and values to
prioritize care. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development and Socialization is based
on individuals’ interacting and learning about their world. Nurses use concepts of
developmental theory to critically think in providing care for their patients at various
stages of their lives. Rosenstock (1974) developed the psychological Health Belief Model.
The model addresses possible reasons for why a patient may not comply with
recommended health promotion behaviors. This model is especially useful to nurses as
they educate patients.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.5 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
2. A nursing student is preparing study notes from a recent lecture in nursing history. The
student would credit Florence Nightingale for which definition of nursing?
a. The imbalance between the patient and the environment decreases the capacity for
health.
b. The nurse needs to focus on interpersonal processes between nurse and patient.
c. The nurse assists the patient with essential functions toward independence.
d. Human beings are interacting in continuous motion as energy fields.
ANS: A
Florence Nightingale’s (1860) concept of the environment emphasized prevention and
clean air, water, and housing. This theory states that the imbalance between the patient and
the environment decreases the capacity for health and does not allow for conservation of
energy. Hildegard Peplau (1952) focused on the roles played by the nurse and the
interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient. Virginia Henderson described the
nurse’s role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), or
complementary (working with the person), with the goal of independence for the patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. She stated that
human beings and their environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite
energy fields.
, DIF: Understanding OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
3. The nurse identifies which nurse established the American Red Cross during the Civil
War?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Linda Richards
c. Lena Higbee
d. Clara Barton
ANS: D
Clara Barton practiced nursing in the Civil War and established the American Red Cross.
Dorothea Dix was the head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a forerunner of
the Army Nurse Corps. Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse, graduating from
Boston’s Women’s Hospital in 1873, and Lena Higbee, superintendent of the U.S. Navy
Nurse Corps, was awarded the Navy Cross in 1918.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.3 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Professionalism
4. The nursing instructor is researching the five proficiencies regarded as essential for
students and professionals. The nursing instructor identifies which organization would be
found to have added safety as a sixth competency?
a. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
b. Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
d. National League for Nursing (NLN)
ANS: A
The Institute of Medicine report, Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality
(2003), outlines five core competencies. These include patient-centered care,
interdisciplinary teamwork, use of evidence-based medicine, quality improvement, and use
of information technology. QSEN added safety as a sixth competency. The Essentials of
Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice are provided and updated by
the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) (2008). The document offers a
framework for the education of professional nurses with outcomes for students to meet.
The National League for Nursing (NLN) outlines and updates competencies for practical,
associate, baccalaureate, and graduate nursing education programs.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
5. The nurse manager is interviewing graduate nurses to fill existing staffing vacancies.
When hiring graduate nurses, the nurse manager realizes that they will probably not be
considered “competent” until they complete which task?
a. They graduate and pass NCLEX.
Yoost & Crawford: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative
Practice, 2nd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A group of nursing students are discussing the impact of nonnursing theories in clinical
practice. The students would be correct if they chose which theory to prioritize patient
care?
a. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
b. Paul’s Critical-Thinking Theory
c. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
d. Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model
ANS: C
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs specifies the psychological and physiologic factors that
affect each person’s physical and mental health. The nurse’s understanding of these factors
helps with formulating Nursing diagnoses that address the patient’s needs and values to
prioritize care. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development and Socialization is based
on individuals’ interacting and learning about their world. Nurses use concepts of
developmental theory to critically think in providing care for their patients at various
stages of their lives. Rosenstock (1974) developed the psychological Health Belief Model.
The model addresses possible reasons for why a patient may not comply with
recommended health promotion behaviors. This model is especially useful to nurses as
they educate patients.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.5 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
2. A nursing student is preparing study notes from a recent lecture in nursing history. The
student would credit Florence Nightingale for which definition of nursing?
a. The imbalance between the patient and the environment decreases the capacity for
health.
b. The nurse needs to focus on interpersonal processes between nurse and patient.
c. The nurse assists the patient with essential functions toward independence.
d. Human beings are interacting in continuous motion as energy fields.
ANS: A
Florence Nightingale’s (1860) concept of the environment emphasized prevention and
clean air, water, and housing. This theory states that the imbalance between the patient and
the environment decreases the capacity for health and does not allow for conservation of
energy. Hildegard Peplau (1952) focused on the roles played by the nurse and the
interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient. Virginia Henderson described the
nurse’s role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), or
complementary (working with the person), with the goal of independence for the patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. She stated that
human beings and their environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite
energy fields.
, DIF: Understanding OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
3. The nurse identifies which nurse established the American Red Cross during the Civil
War?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Linda Richards
c. Lena Higbee
d. Clara Barton
ANS: D
Clara Barton practiced nursing in the Civil War and established the American Red Cross.
Dorothea Dix was the head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a forerunner of
the Army Nurse Corps. Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse, graduating from
Boston’s Women’s Hospital in 1873, and Lena Higbee, superintendent of the U.S. Navy
Nurse Corps, was awarded the Navy Cross in 1918.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.3 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Professionalism
4. The nursing instructor is researching the five proficiencies regarded as essential for
students and professionals. The nursing instructor identifies which organization would be
found to have added safety as a sixth competency?
a. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
b. Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
d. National League for Nursing (NLN)
ANS: A
The Institute of Medicine report, Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality
(2003), outlines five core competencies. These include patient-centered care,
interdisciplinary teamwork, use of evidence-based medicine, quality improvement, and use
of information technology. QSEN added safety as a sixth competency. The Essentials of
Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice are provided and updated by
the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) (2008). The document offers a
framework for the education of professional nurses with outcomes for students to meet.
The National League for Nursing (NLN) outlines and updates competencies for practical,
associate, baccalaureate, and graduate nursing education programs.
DIF: Remembering OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
5. The nurse manager is interviewing graduate nurses to fill existing staffing vacancies.
When hiring graduate nurses, the nurse manager realizes that they will probably not be
considered “competent” until they complete which task?
a. They graduate and pass NCLEX.
