NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 1 – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 1 – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. A 10 year old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of: 1. IgE 2. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by: 1. Right ventricular hypertrophy 3. A 6 year old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen? 1. Antibodies 4. A 52 year old male is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While designing the treatment plan, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: 1. Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage 5. Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells? 1. Erythropoietin 6. A 4 year old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition? 1. Proteinuria 7. During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities? 1. In utero 8. Under most circumstances, increased work of breathing results in: 1. Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins 9. The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by: 1. Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles 10. A nurse realizes glucose will be excreted in the urine when: 1. The carrier molecules have reached their maximum 11. The FNP is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development. What is the best example the FNP should give? 1. Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer 12. Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine? 1. Juxtamedullary 13. A 22 year old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus? 1. CD4 + T-helper 14. What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries? 1. Mesangial cells 15. A 35 year old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor? 1. Hypokalemia 16. The movement of blood info and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body tissues and cells describes the process of: 1. Perfusion 17. Which of the following terms should the nurse use when there is a balance between outward recoil of the chest wall and inward recoil of lungs at rest? 1. Functional residual capacity (FRC) is reached 18. Upon examination of the male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as: 1. Hypospadias 19. If the FNP wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor? 1. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 20. A 54 year old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: 1. Respiratory acidosis 21. A 5 year old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely? 1. T-lymphocyte deficiency 22. When the FNP is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because: 1. The negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins 23. A 55 year old female reports urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse? 1. Formation of renal calculi 24. The lamina propria area of the bronchioles plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis because this is where: 1. Inflammatory cell activation occurs 25. Pulmonary function tests reveal that an 80 year old dyspneic patient has an increase in residual volume. The FNP suspects the most likely cause of the increased residual volume is ____ in lung compliance. 1. A decrease 26. The nurse practitioner would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a: 1. Genetic defect 27. Carbon dioxide is mainly transported in the blood: 1. In the form of bicarbonate 28. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to the : 1. Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries 29. When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers? 1. Environmental stressors 30. Which of the following clusters of symptoms would support a child’s diagnosis of glomerulonephritis? 1. Gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension 31. When a staff member asks which of the following substances is actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the FNP’s best response? 1. Hydrogen and potassium 32. A client with chronic bronchitis is most likely to experience: 1. Respiratory acidosis due to inability to exhale CO2 33. An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant’s history and physical? 1. The baby is Rh positive 34. During inspiration, muscular contraction of the diaphragm causes air to move into the lung. The mechanism that drives air movement during inspiration results is a: 1. Increase in the size of the thorax and decrease in intrapleural pressure 35. A 10 year old child is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries. The nurse will monitor for recurrent: 1. Hematuria 36. When the FNP discusses the glomerulus and bowman’s capsule together, it is referred to as the renal: 1. Corpuscle 37. Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? 1. Carbonic acid/ bicarbonate 38. The condition most associated with a history of seasonal and/or chronic allergies is: 1. Extrinsic asthma 39. A 15 year old presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever and is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this condition? 1. Poststreptococcol infection 40. Treatment for asthma includes anticholinergic drugs. The mechanism of action for these medications is to: 1. Block acetylcholine binding to promote bronchodilation 41. A 60 year old with a 25 year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to: 1. Air trapping 42. In a patient with acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift: 1. To the right, causing more 02 to be released from the cells 43. Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which hormone? 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 44. The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for: 1. Water reabsorption 45. A 30 year old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective? 1. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) 46. Where does the majority of sodium reabsorption take place? 1. Proximal tubule 47. When discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what term should the FNP use? 1. Nephron 48. What characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome is not a characteristic of angelman syndrome? 1. It is inherited from the father