The seat of primitive drives and instinctual
Define the Id. needs.
IMPULSES (impulsive behavior)
SELF-GRATIFICATION
What are the properties of the Id? Primary process
thinking Unconscious
Discharges tension
Mediates drives (id) and external reality.
Moderates drives vs internalized
Define the Ego. prohibitions
Adaptive capacity in relation to external
reality.
REALITY TESTING
OBJECT RELATIONS
Judgment
What are the properties of the Ego? Modulating and controlling impulses
Modulating affect
Regulate self-esteem
Mastering developmental challenges
Seat of Conscience
Define the Superego. Ego Ideal
Guilt (if too strong = always guilty)
Uses internal and external rewards or
What are the properties of the Superego? punishments to control and regulate id
impulses.
Unconscious
What are the three levels of the mind? Preconscious
Conscious
Thoughts, feelings, desires, and
What does the "Unconscious" hold?
memories of which we are unaware.
Thoughts and feelings, which can be
What does the "Preconscious" hold?
brought into consciousness easily.
Mental activities of which we are fully
What does the "Conscious" hold?
aware.
5 Stages:
1. Oral
How many psychosexual stages did Freud 2. Anal
describe and what are they? 3. Phallic/Oedipal
4. Latency
5. Puberty-Genital
At what ages does Freud's "Oral"
0-1
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Anal"
2-3
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Phallic/Oedipal"
3-6
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Latency"
6-11
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Puberty-Genital"
12-18 Adolescense
psychosexual stage occur?
What are the stages of Cognitive 1. Sensorimotor thought (0-2)
Development theorized by Piaget, and at 2. Preoperational thought (2.5-6 or 7)
what age do they occur? 3. Concrete Operations (7-11)
4. Formal Operations (11-18)
, 1. Trust vs Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs Guilt
Name Erikson's 8 Psychosocial Stages in the 4. Industry vs Inferiority
lifecycle. 5. Identity vs Identity Diffusion
6. Intimacy vs Isolation
7. Generativity vs Self-Absorption
8. Integrity vs Disgust
Infancy (0-1)
-build trust in self & environment
Briefly explain Erikson's first stage: Trust vs.
-personality forms
Mistrust.
-discontinuities in care = sense of
mistrust
Early Childhood (2-3)
-muscular maturation: holding on/letting
Briefly explain Erikson's second stage: go
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt. -attaches value to autonomous will
-development of one's own will or
shame and doubt
Play Age (3-6)
-imagination & ability to move &
communicate expand
-intrusive activity, curiosity, & fantasy =
Briefly explain Erikson's third stage: Initiative
guilt & anxiety
vs Guilt.
-One's conscious forms
-may develop a deep seated conviction
that he is bad = stifled initiative or
vindictiveness
School Age (6-11)
-want to work/learn w/ others
Briefly explain Erikson's fourth stage: -learns to accept instruction
Industry vs Inferiority. -capacity for work enjoyment
-No recognition for one's efforts =
inadequacy and inferiority
Adolescence (12-18)
-puberty
-questions "all sameness & continuities
relied on earlier"
-integrates childhood identifications w/
Briefly explain Erikson's fifth stage: Identity
biological drives, endowments, and
vs Identity Diffusion.
social role opportunities
-possible development of negative
identity towards becoming what
parents, class, or community don't want
them to be
Young Adulthood (18-mid 20's)
-security in oneself = intimacy with self
& others
Briefly explain Erikson's sixth stage: Intimacy -love-based mutually satisfying
vs Isolation. relationships
-a person who cannot enter wholly into
an intimate relationship b/c of fear of
losing identity = isolation
Briefly explain Erikson's seventh stage: Adulthood
Generativity vs Self-Absorption. -grows out of the intimacies of
, adulthood
-interest in establishin & guiding the
next generation
-lack of generativity = self-absorption,
stagnation, & personal impoverishment
Senescence (Maturity)
-Satisfying intimacy w/ others & adapts to
Briefly explain success and disappointments = end of life w/
Erikson's eighth ego integrity
stage: Integrity vs -acceptance of own responsibility for what
Disgust. their life was & is.
-w/o this accrued ego integration = dispair w/
dipleasure & disgust
0-3 mths = normal autism & alert
inactivity
Explain Margaret Mahler's "Attachment"
2-6 mths = normal symbiosis & no
phase in object relations theory.
differentiation between self & other;
mutual caring
6-12 mths = differentiation & alert when
awake; stranger anxiety (8 mths)
Explain Margaret Mahler's
7-18 mths = practicing &
"Separation/Individuation" phase in object
disengagement w/ frequent returns to
relations theory.
mother. Narcissism; anticipates mom
will reengage
18-24 mths = alternating
Explain Margaret Mahler's "Rapprochement disengagement & demand for attention.
(Integration)" phase in object relations theory Splitting. Language development; intent
to solve dilemmas
24-38 mths = Consolidation of
individuality & object constancy.
Explain Margaret Mahler's "Object
-substitute of reliable internal image
Constancy" phase in object relations theory
during absence; inception of unified
self-image
1. Pre-Conventional
2. Conventional (follow stereotypic
What are the levels of Kohlberg's theory of
norms of morality)
moral development?
3. Post-Conventional (not reached by
most adults)
Elementary School- before 9yrs
Briefly described the Pre-Conventional level
1. Obedience/Punishment
in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
2. Conform to rules to receive rewards.
Early Adolescence
Briefly described the Conventional level in 3. Good boy/girl orientation
Kohlberg's theory of moral development. 4. Obeys laws/obligations/duties &
Rules are rules; avoid guilt
Adult
5. Concern w/ individual rights &
Briefly described the Post-Conventional level
morality
in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
6. Guided by individual principles based
on broad, universal, ethical principles.
Physiological
List the needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Safety
Needs from lower to higher level. Love & Belonging
Esteem
Define the Id. needs.
IMPULSES (impulsive behavior)
SELF-GRATIFICATION
What are the properties of the Id? Primary process
thinking Unconscious
Discharges tension
Mediates drives (id) and external reality.
Moderates drives vs internalized
Define the Ego. prohibitions
Adaptive capacity in relation to external
reality.
REALITY TESTING
OBJECT RELATIONS
Judgment
What are the properties of the Ego? Modulating and controlling impulses
Modulating affect
Regulate self-esteem
Mastering developmental challenges
Seat of Conscience
Define the Superego. Ego Ideal
Guilt (if too strong = always guilty)
Uses internal and external rewards or
What are the properties of the Superego? punishments to control and regulate id
impulses.
Unconscious
What are the three levels of the mind? Preconscious
Conscious
Thoughts, feelings, desires, and
What does the "Unconscious" hold?
memories of which we are unaware.
Thoughts and feelings, which can be
What does the "Preconscious" hold?
brought into consciousness easily.
Mental activities of which we are fully
What does the "Conscious" hold?
aware.
5 Stages:
1. Oral
How many psychosexual stages did Freud 2. Anal
describe and what are they? 3. Phallic/Oedipal
4. Latency
5. Puberty-Genital
At what ages does Freud's "Oral"
0-1
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Anal"
2-3
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Phallic/Oedipal"
3-6
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Latency"
6-11
psychosexual stage occur?
At what ages does Freud's "Puberty-Genital"
12-18 Adolescense
psychosexual stage occur?
What are the stages of Cognitive 1. Sensorimotor thought (0-2)
Development theorized by Piaget, and at 2. Preoperational thought (2.5-6 or 7)
what age do they occur? 3. Concrete Operations (7-11)
4. Formal Operations (11-18)
, 1. Trust vs Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs Guilt
Name Erikson's 8 Psychosocial Stages in the 4. Industry vs Inferiority
lifecycle. 5. Identity vs Identity Diffusion
6. Intimacy vs Isolation
7. Generativity vs Self-Absorption
8. Integrity vs Disgust
Infancy (0-1)
-build trust in self & environment
Briefly explain Erikson's first stage: Trust vs.
-personality forms
Mistrust.
-discontinuities in care = sense of
mistrust
Early Childhood (2-3)
-muscular maturation: holding on/letting
Briefly explain Erikson's second stage: go
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt. -attaches value to autonomous will
-development of one's own will or
shame and doubt
Play Age (3-6)
-imagination & ability to move &
communicate expand
-intrusive activity, curiosity, & fantasy =
Briefly explain Erikson's third stage: Initiative
guilt & anxiety
vs Guilt.
-One's conscious forms
-may develop a deep seated conviction
that he is bad = stifled initiative or
vindictiveness
School Age (6-11)
-want to work/learn w/ others
Briefly explain Erikson's fourth stage: -learns to accept instruction
Industry vs Inferiority. -capacity for work enjoyment
-No recognition for one's efforts =
inadequacy and inferiority
Adolescence (12-18)
-puberty
-questions "all sameness & continuities
relied on earlier"
-integrates childhood identifications w/
Briefly explain Erikson's fifth stage: Identity
biological drives, endowments, and
vs Identity Diffusion.
social role opportunities
-possible development of negative
identity towards becoming what
parents, class, or community don't want
them to be
Young Adulthood (18-mid 20's)
-security in oneself = intimacy with self
& others
Briefly explain Erikson's sixth stage: Intimacy -love-based mutually satisfying
vs Isolation. relationships
-a person who cannot enter wholly into
an intimate relationship b/c of fear of
losing identity = isolation
Briefly explain Erikson's seventh stage: Adulthood
Generativity vs Self-Absorption. -grows out of the intimacies of
, adulthood
-interest in establishin & guiding the
next generation
-lack of generativity = self-absorption,
stagnation, & personal impoverishment
Senescence (Maturity)
-Satisfying intimacy w/ others & adapts to
Briefly explain success and disappointments = end of life w/
Erikson's eighth ego integrity
stage: Integrity vs -acceptance of own responsibility for what
Disgust. their life was & is.
-w/o this accrued ego integration = dispair w/
dipleasure & disgust
0-3 mths = normal autism & alert
inactivity
Explain Margaret Mahler's "Attachment"
2-6 mths = normal symbiosis & no
phase in object relations theory.
differentiation between self & other;
mutual caring
6-12 mths = differentiation & alert when
awake; stranger anxiety (8 mths)
Explain Margaret Mahler's
7-18 mths = practicing &
"Separation/Individuation" phase in object
disengagement w/ frequent returns to
relations theory.
mother. Narcissism; anticipates mom
will reengage
18-24 mths = alternating
Explain Margaret Mahler's "Rapprochement disengagement & demand for attention.
(Integration)" phase in object relations theory Splitting. Language development; intent
to solve dilemmas
24-38 mths = Consolidation of
individuality & object constancy.
Explain Margaret Mahler's "Object
-substitute of reliable internal image
Constancy" phase in object relations theory
during absence; inception of unified
self-image
1. Pre-Conventional
2. Conventional (follow stereotypic
What are the levels of Kohlberg's theory of
norms of morality)
moral development?
3. Post-Conventional (not reached by
most adults)
Elementary School- before 9yrs
Briefly described the Pre-Conventional level
1. Obedience/Punishment
in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
2. Conform to rules to receive rewards.
Early Adolescence
Briefly described the Conventional level in 3. Good boy/girl orientation
Kohlberg's theory of moral development. 4. Obeys laws/obligations/duties &
Rules are rules; avoid guilt
Adult
5. Concern w/ individual rights &
Briefly described the Post-Conventional level
morality
in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
6. Guided by individual principles based
on broad, universal, ethical principles.
Physiological
List the needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Safety
Needs from lower to higher level. Love & Belonging
Esteem
