Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 12e (Robbins/Judge)
Chapter 7 Motivation Concepts
1) Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in OB. According to a study, by workers' own reports,
they waste roughly 2 hours per day, not counting lunch and scheduled breaks and the biggest time-wasters are
Internet surfing and ________.
A) updating their skills
B) conversing with managers
C) talking with co-workers
D) simulating work environment
E) reading instructional books
Answer: C
Explanation: C) According to a study, the two biggest time-wasters were Internet surfing and talking with co-
workers.
2) ________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort
toward attaining a goal.
A) Leadership
B) Management
C) Selective perception
D) Emotional labor
E) Motivation
Answer: E
Explanation: E) Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
3) Motivation can be defined by three key elements. ________ is one of these three key elements and it is the
element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation.
A) Intelligence
B) Experience
C) Expertise
D) Intensity
E) Knowledge
Answer: D
Explanation: D) Intensity describes how hard a person tries. This is the element most of us focus on when we talk
about motivation.
4) Some researchers have attempted to revive components of the need hierarchy concept, using principles from
evolutionary psychology. Which of the following statements is true in this regard?
A) Researchers propose that higher-level needs are the chief concern of immature animals or those with primitive
nervous systems.
B) Researchers observe: lower needs are more frequently observed in mature animals with more developed nervous
systems.
C) Researchers have noted distinct underlying biological systems for different types of needs.
D) Researchers observe that in time, these revisions to Maslow's hierarchy will definitely be useful to practicing
managers.
E) Researchers have noted the presence of intricate social systems for different types of needs.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Some researchers have attempted to revive components of the need hierarchy concept, using
principles from evolutionary psychology. They propose that lower-level needs are the chief concern of immature
animals or those with primitive nervous systems, whereas higher needs are more frequently observed in mature
animals with more developed nervous systems. They also note distinct underlying biological systems for different
types of needs. Time will tell whether these revisions to Maslow's hierarchy will be useful to practicing managers.
, 5) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?
A) social
B) safety
C) esteem
D) self-actualization
E) recognition
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower orders. Physiological and safety needs were
lower-order needs and social, esteem, and self-actualization were higher-order needs.
6) Which of the following statements is true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?
A) "Social" needs relate to autonomy and achievement.
B) A substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.
C) "Esteem" needs relate to affection and friendship.
D) Social needs are lower-order needs.
E) Lower-order needs are satisfied internally.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, "social" needs relate to affection and friendship
and "esteem" needs relate to autonomy and achievement. Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower
orders. Physiological and safety needs were lower-order needs and social, esteem, and self-actualization were
higher-order needs. The difference is that higher-order needs are satisfied internally, whereas lower-order needs are
predominantly satisfied externally. A substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.
7) According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.
A) dislike work
B) need to be controlled
C) avoid responsibility
D) exercise self-direction
E) attempt to avoid work
Answer: D
Explanation: D) According to Theory Y, managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or
play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility.
8) Mariah is the manager in a restaurant. According to Douglas McGregor's Theory X, which of the following is a
behavior she would most likely exhibit?
A) She would empower her subordinates.
B) She would trust her employees to use discretion in most matters.
C) She would strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.
D) She would delegate authority extensively to junior managers.
E) She would let her employees choose their own goals.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) According to Theory X, managers believe employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be
directed or even coerced into performing it. As per theory X, a manager would not trust her employees and would
feel inclined to control all aspects of their work.
9) The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.
A) hierarchy of needs
B) goal-setting
C) self-determination
D) cognitive evaluation
E) two-factor
Answer: E
Explanation: E) Psychologist Frederick Herzberg proposed the two-factor theory—also called motivation-hygiene
theory.
Chapter 7 Motivation Concepts
1) Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in OB. According to a study, by workers' own reports,
they waste roughly 2 hours per day, not counting lunch and scheduled breaks and the biggest time-wasters are
Internet surfing and ________.
A) updating their skills
B) conversing with managers
C) talking with co-workers
D) simulating work environment
E) reading instructional books
Answer: C
Explanation: C) According to a study, the two biggest time-wasters were Internet surfing and talking with co-
workers.
2) ________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort
toward attaining a goal.
A) Leadership
B) Management
C) Selective perception
D) Emotional labor
E) Motivation
Answer: E
Explanation: E) Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
3) Motivation can be defined by three key elements. ________ is one of these three key elements and it is the
element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation.
A) Intelligence
B) Experience
C) Expertise
D) Intensity
E) Knowledge
Answer: D
Explanation: D) Intensity describes how hard a person tries. This is the element most of us focus on when we talk
about motivation.
4) Some researchers have attempted to revive components of the need hierarchy concept, using principles from
evolutionary psychology. Which of the following statements is true in this regard?
A) Researchers propose that higher-level needs are the chief concern of immature animals or those with primitive
nervous systems.
B) Researchers observe: lower needs are more frequently observed in mature animals with more developed nervous
systems.
C) Researchers have noted distinct underlying biological systems for different types of needs.
D) Researchers observe that in time, these revisions to Maslow's hierarchy will definitely be useful to practicing
managers.
E) Researchers have noted the presence of intricate social systems for different types of needs.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Some researchers have attempted to revive components of the need hierarchy concept, using
principles from evolutionary psychology. They propose that lower-level needs are the chief concern of immature
animals or those with primitive nervous systems, whereas higher needs are more frequently observed in mature
animals with more developed nervous systems. They also note distinct underlying biological systems for different
types of needs. Time will tell whether these revisions to Maslow's hierarchy will be useful to practicing managers.
, 5) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?
A) social
B) safety
C) esteem
D) self-actualization
E) recognition
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower orders. Physiological and safety needs were
lower-order needs and social, esteem, and self-actualization were higher-order needs.
6) Which of the following statements is true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?
A) "Social" needs relate to autonomy and achievement.
B) A substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.
C) "Esteem" needs relate to affection and friendship.
D) Social needs are lower-order needs.
E) Lower-order needs are satisfied internally.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, "social" needs relate to affection and friendship
and "esteem" needs relate to autonomy and achievement. Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower
orders. Physiological and safety needs were lower-order needs and social, esteem, and self-actualization were
higher-order needs. The difference is that higher-order needs are satisfied internally, whereas lower-order needs are
predominantly satisfied externally. A substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.
7) According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.
A) dislike work
B) need to be controlled
C) avoid responsibility
D) exercise self-direction
E) attempt to avoid work
Answer: D
Explanation: D) According to Theory Y, managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or
play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility.
8) Mariah is the manager in a restaurant. According to Douglas McGregor's Theory X, which of the following is a
behavior she would most likely exhibit?
A) She would empower her subordinates.
B) She would trust her employees to use discretion in most matters.
C) She would strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.
D) She would delegate authority extensively to junior managers.
E) She would let her employees choose their own goals.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) According to Theory X, managers believe employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be
directed or even coerced into performing it. As per theory X, a manager would not trust her employees and would
feel inclined to control all aspects of their work.
9) The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.
A) hierarchy of needs
B) goal-setting
C) self-determination
D) cognitive evaluation
E) two-factor
Answer: E
Explanation: E) Psychologist Frederick Herzberg proposed the two-factor theory—also called motivation-hygiene
theory.
