IPHE 310 MIDTERM EXAM
Ethics
- A set of principles of right and wrong conduct; a theory or system of moral values, of what is
right and what is wrong. Ethics is a system of values that guides behavior in relationships
among people in accordance with certain social roles.
National institute of Health
- transplant regulation
Difference between law and ethics:
- Ethics are more fundamental-always can ask is this a good law or should I disobey it
The law with ethics
- The law is a minimum, ethics strive to inspire the best professional behavior
- Law can be ambiguous, law not capable of subtle distinctions
- The law does not address many of the issues that are important in ethics, ethics is concerned
with the kind of person you are, virtues and characters
Applied ethics
- Euthanize, assistance suicide, abortion
- Philosophical search for right and wrong within controversial scenarios
- How do we take moral knowledge and put it into practice?
Normative ethics
- concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action in which the ends justify the
means.
- Investigating how one should act
- What behaviors would be best in this situation
,- Attempts to determine what moral standards should be followed so that human behavior
and conduct may be morally right
Ex. Assisted suicide law "death with dignity"
Situational ethics:
- Concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action in which the ends can justify the
means
Autonomy
- Ability to control what happens to your body
Right of an individual to make his or her own independent decisions
Beneficence
- Doing good, promoting the health and welfare of others
(Compassion + kindness)
ex. Holding patient hand to comfort him during chemo infusion
Paternalism
- A doctrine that literally means "rule by the father".
In health care. It is the concept of physicians making decisions for their patients, whereas the
more acceptable approach is autonomy, whereby the physician informs the patient as to the
risks, benefits, and alternatives to care and treatment, and then the patient makes the final
choice as to what is best.
Deontological ethics
- An ethical approach that focuses on duty rather than consequences, when determining the
right conduct to be followed.
, Utilitarianism
- action that produces the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
Justice
- FAIRNESS
o Availability of high-quality healthcare to all Americans
o Obligation to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risk- Requires all individuals be
treated equally
Distributive justice
- A principle that requires treatment of all persons equally and fairly
Ethical relativism
- The theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture
Micro ethics
- Individuals view of right and wrong
- Organ transplant, genetic research, heroic measures to prolong life, consent to treatment
- When pt and HCP come together
Macro ethics
- Global view of right and wrong
- Systemic ethical issues related to allocation, use, and management to health
Ethical dilemmas
- choice between 2 equally undesirable options
common ethical dilemmas:
Ethics
- A set of principles of right and wrong conduct; a theory or system of moral values, of what is
right and what is wrong. Ethics is a system of values that guides behavior in relationships
among people in accordance with certain social roles.
National institute of Health
- transplant regulation
Difference between law and ethics:
- Ethics are more fundamental-always can ask is this a good law or should I disobey it
The law with ethics
- The law is a minimum, ethics strive to inspire the best professional behavior
- Law can be ambiguous, law not capable of subtle distinctions
- The law does not address many of the issues that are important in ethics, ethics is concerned
with the kind of person you are, virtues and characters
Applied ethics
- Euthanize, assistance suicide, abortion
- Philosophical search for right and wrong within controversial scenarios
- How do we take moral knowledge and put it into practice?
Normative ethics
- concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action in which the ends justify the
means.
- Investigating how one should act
- What behaviors would be best in this situation
,- Attempts to determine what moral standards should be followed so that human behavior
and conduct may be morally right
Ex. Assisted suicide law "death with dignity"
Situational ethics:
- Concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action in which the ends can justify the
means
Autonomy
- Ability to control what happens to your body
Right of an individual to make his or her own independent decisions
Beneficence
- Doing good, promoting the health and welfare of others
(Compassion + kindness)
ex. Holding patient hand to comfort him during chemo infusion
Paternalism
- A doctrine that literally means "rule by the father".
In health care. It is the concept of physicians making decisions for their patients, whereas the
more acceptable approach is autonomy, whereby the physician informs the patient as to the
risks, benefits, and alternatives to care and treatment, and then the patient makes the final
choice as to what is best.
Deontological ethics
- An ethical approach that focuses on duty rather than consequences, when determining the
right conduct to be followed.
, Utilitarianism
- action that produces the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
Justice
- FAIRNESS
o Availability of high-quality healthcare to all Americans
o Obligation to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risk- Requires all individuals be
treated equally
Distributive justice
- A principle that requires treatment of all persons equally and fairly
Ethical relativism
- The theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture
Micro ethics
- Individuals view of right and wrong
- Organ transplant, genetic research, heroic measures to prolong life, consent to treatment
- When pt and HCP come together
Macro ethics
- Global view of right and wrong
- Systemic ethical issues related to allocation, use, and management to health
Ethical dilemmas
- choice between 2 equally undesirable options
common ethical dilemmas:
