BIO 201 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE SOLUTION

BIO 201 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE SOLUTION What could be considered a symptom of disease? ANSWERS: anxiety The disaccharide sucrose can be broken down to form the monosaccharide glucos and fructose in a process called ANSWERS: hydrolysis Glycogen, a polysaccharide, contains many unstable carbon-hydrogen bonds and is readily oxidized. Glycogen is thus very effective as a ANSWERS: an energy storage molecule Enzymes are a subclass of proteins that ANSWERS: catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the required activation energy The quaternary structure of a protein ANSWERS: results from an arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains The high thermal stability of water is a result of ANSWERS: hydrogen bonding between water molecules What describes the bonds that attach the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom in the water molecule? ANSWERS: The are polar bonds and they are hydrogen bonds allows binding of chemical messengers ANSWERS: receptor What is a function of proteins? ANSWERS: catalyzing chemical reactions ATP funcions as an ANSWERS: energy transfer molecule because it contains high-energy phosphate bonds Because they contain both a polar region and a nonpolar region, phospholipids are described as ANSWERS: amphiphilicCells specialized for propelling material across the surface of a tissue are likely to have an abundance of ANSWERS: cilia The plasma membrane includes proteins with short carbohydrate chains attached. These are called ANSWERS: glycoproteins Is epithelium vascular? ANSWERS: no Alternative splicing refers to ANSWERS: the way in which a single gene can code for several different polypeptides The cellular process of translation occurs where ANSWERS: at the ribosomes of the cell What are four functions of connective tissue? ANSWERS: binding together other tissues; transporting materials around the body; storing energy reserves; protecting internal organs The alveoli of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs, are lined with simple squamous epithelial tissue because ANSWERS: a thin surface facilitates diffusion What is an extension from the soma of a neuron that receives incoming signals? ANSWERS: dendrite Tissue regeneration occurs ANSWERS: when tissue is accomplished by the parenchyma of the cell and is a near perfect reconstruction of damaged tissue The stratum of the epidermis that contains stem cells undergoing mitosis is the ANSWERS: stratum basale What characteristics do muscular and nervous tissue have in common? ANSWERS: they are electrically excitable Which skin cells have an immune funciton ANSWERS: dendritic cellslunules are ANSWERS: the small crescent-shaped regions at the proximal ends of the nails Which skin cells act as sensory receptors, detecting touch sensations? ANSWERS: Merkel cells Eccrine glands are ___________ glands that function in ___________ ANSWERS: sudoriferous; thermoregulation Albinism is ANSWERS: an inherited inability to produce melanin, resulting in a lack of pigmentation in the skin and hair skin participates in the maintenance of homeostatic body temperature by ANSWERS: modulating dermal blood flow and sweating In which stratum of the epidermis are the keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis? ANSWERS: Stratum granulosum Cell known as fibroblasts are found in ANSWERS: connective tissue What neuroglia form myelin sheaths in the PNS? ANSWERS: Schwann Cells Graded Potentials ANSWERS: only spread over short distances; spread rapidly; occur in dendrites White matter appears white due to the presence of ANSWERS: myelin What type of ion channel is most likely to be found in the postsynaptic neuron at a chemical synapse? ANSWERS: ligand-gated channels The motor neurons of the somatic nervous system carry impulses to ANSWERS: skeletal musc