health
FINAL CPA
Define community health nursing and public health nursing.
Community Health Nursing: Focuses on promoting and protecting the people’s health
within their community. Utilizes the skills of a clinic nurse and public health nurse practice.
Public Health Nursing: Utilizing nursing skills and knowledge to benefit the over all health
of community members. Helping others by serving themselves and teaching those to also
serve others.
Define population.
Population is the people that reside in a certain area such as a city or town.
List five areas of focus for population-based public health nursing practice.
Focuses on entire populations
Grounded in an assessment of the populations health status
Considers the broad determinants of health
Emphasizes all levels of prevention
Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals and families.
Who were some early public health nurses and an accomplishment or contribution to
population health?
Lillian Wald- Nurse and started Henry Street Settlement House
Mary Brewster- Also created Henry Street Settlement House
Lavinia Dock- Superintendent at John Hopkins School of nursing, social activist,
nurse, feminist
Margaret Sanger- Birth Control Activist , sex educator, nurse and author.
Clara Barton- Founder of American Red Cross, nurse
From the PHN Satellite Conference, what were some of the PHNs (who were
interviewed) experiences in their career?
Lillian Wald: Helped a mother who had hemorrhaged two days post partum that created
the Henry Street.
Mary Talbert: Lived in a community of lead homes that poisoned a lot of children and built a
task force to repair lead homes/ hazards or remove.
Annalisa Pearson: Found an issue with middle school girls in stress reduction and taking
charge of their own screenings and health issues, and created a program to increase their
knowledge and promote better women’s health at an earlier age.
,Explain two of the many factors that shaped 21st century health(text)
Primary Health Care: Improving the care of all, and focusing on the health of everyone and
having continuing health evaluations to maintain health. Focuses on follow up, early
diagnosis, and promotion of health.
Globalization: Involving everyone from all over the world to work together in sharing,
educating, and helping others. Interaction and integration between various people.
CPA 2
1 Define epidemiology and its use in population health practice.
Epidemiology:
Is the study of disease and health related events in a population that occur. It's
purpose is to control health problems by analysis and role of prevention.
Use in population health practice:
Is to discover three different factors which are agent, host, and environment. All
these factors can affect the health of the population and is able to be anaylized for
prevention of injury, disease, ailments in the population and create a plan of health
promotion.
Second, it is used to find causes of illness, disability, and death and next to set up a
plan of what to research and actions that need to be taken.
Third, it is to identify areas of the population that are at highest risk of poor health so
specific actions can be taken.
Last, evaluate health programs and their effectiveness in health promotion, prevention
and education in improving the health of the population.
1. Explain the difference between descriptive epidemiology & analytic
epidemiology.
Descriptive epidemiology:
Is more direct with the risk factors and it frequency along with the distribution in a
population. This provides hypotheses of research studies being done.
Overall, it answers the four W's : who has it, where is it found, in what groups and
when. Along identifies person, time and place.
Analytic Epidemiology:
, Goal is to conduct studies and research risk factors along with protector disease
factors.
Overall, it seeks the answer of “how” and “why”.
2. Identify demographics that affect health.
Age, race, gender, ethnicity, income, and educational level.
3. Describe five descriptive data and five analytic measures.
Descriptive Data:
Incidence: the number of new cases and people in a time
Prevalence: total number of people who have a condition within a population
Rates: calculates the number of injury, disease, and death within a specific
population and a given time frame. This includes three different types of rates: crude
(population rate as a whole, such as death in a population); specific (rates calculated
in subgroups, such as age, gender, etc. ); and adjusted rates ( estimate of crude rate if
the population would be if population were the same in respect to the adjusted
factors, such as age, race, gender, etc.)
Ratios: one number that is divided by another number
Proportions: taking one number and dividing by another number; using
percentages.
Analytic Measures:
Relative Risk: looks at association between the condition and factors
Odds Ratio: is a method to generalize the relative risk in retrospective studies
Attributable Risk: Estimates the excess risk attributable to risk factor exposure.
Point Estimate: A number that identifies whether those in exposed group will
develop disease or condition and those not exposed.
Confidence Interval: Aids in determining whether an association is present between
exposure and condition.
4. List five sources of community health data. (from PowerPoint)
Census –health related data
, •Vital statistics –CDC NCHS
•Notifiable disease reports
•State and Local Health Depts-CDC (USPHS) –MMWR
•Vital record linkage
•Medical and hospital records
•Autopsy records -bias
•National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS)-CDC
5. Explain the epidemiologic triangle.
The Triangle has three corners (called vertices):
Agent: or microbe that causes the disease
(the “what” of the Triangle)
Host: organism harboring the disease
(the “who” of the Triangle)
Environment: or those external factors that
cause or allow disease transmission (the
“where” of the Triangle)
6. Outline the web of causation
7. Briefly explain each community subsystems.
Physical environment: Is what the community looks like, environment quality and
resources, and map of area.
Health and Social Services: Conditions present in the area, shelters, health agencies
and resources, physical and mental health facilities.
Economy: It it is well managed and stocked of stores and buisnesses that will bring
outside money into the town. Employment and unemployment rate.
Transportation & Safety: What is the primary sources of people getting around and
what resources are present for transportation and is it a safe area.
Politics & Government: Is the community involved with politics and jurisdiction of
the community. Are the people involved in the decision being made around them.
FINAL CPA
Define community health nursing and public health nursing.
Community Health Nursing: Focuses on promoting and protecting the people’s health
within their community. Utilizes the skills of a clinic nurse and public health nurse practice.
Public Health Nursing: Utilizing nursing skills and knowledge to benefit the over all health
of community members. Helping others by serving themselves and teaching those to also
serve others.
Define population.
Population is the people that reside in a certain area such as a city or town.
List five areas of focus for population-based public health nursing practice.
Focuses on entire populations
Grounded in an assessment of the populations health status
Considers the broad determinants of health
Emphasizes all levels of prevention
Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals and families.
Who were some early public health nurses and an accomplishment or contribution to
population health?
Lillian Wald- Nurse and started Henry Street Settlement House
Mary Brewster- Also created Henry Street Settlement House
Lavinia Dock- Superintendent at John Hopkins School of nursing, social activist,
nurse, feminist
Margaret Sanger- Birth Control Activist , sex educator, nurse and author.
Clara Barton- Founder of American Red Cross, nurse
From the PHN Satellite Conference, what were some of the PHNs (who were
interviewed) experiences in their career?
Lillian Wald: Helped a mother who had hemorrhaged two days post partum that created
the Henry Street.
Mary Talbert: Lived in a community of lead homes that poisoned a lot of children and built a
task force to repair lead homes/ hazards or remove.
Annalisa Pearson: Found an issue with middle school girls in stress reduction and taking
charge of their own screenings and health issues, and created a program to increase their
knowledge and promote better women’s health at an earlier age.
,Explain two of the many factors that shaped 21st century health(text)
Primary Health Care: Improving the care of all, and focusing on the health of everyone and
having continuing health evaluations to maintain health. Focuses on follow up, early
diagnosis, and promotion of health.
Globalization: Involving everyone from all over the world to work together in sharing,
educating, and helping others. Interaction and integration between various people.
CPA 2
1 Define epidemiology and its use in population health practice.
Epidemiology:
Is the study of disease and health related events in a population that occur. It's
purpose is to control health problems by analysis and role of prevention.
Use in population health practice:
Is to discover three different factors which are agent, host, and environment. All
these factors can affect the health of the population and is able to be anaylized for
prevention of injury, disease, ailments in the population and create a plan of health
promotion.
Second, it is used to find causes of illness, disability, and death and next to set up a
plan of what to research and actions that need to be taken.
Third, it is to identify areas of the population that are at highest risk of poor health so
specific actions can be taken.
Last, evaluate health programs and their effectiveness in health promotion, prevention
and education in improving the health of the population.
1. Explain the difference between descriptive epidemiology & analytic
epidemiology.
Descriptive epidemiology:
Is more direct with the risk factors and it frequency along with the distribution in a
population. This provides hypotheses of research studies being done.
Overall, it answers the four W's : who has it, where is it found, in what groups and
when. Along identifies person, time and place.
Analytic Epidemiology:
, Goal is to conduct studies and research risk factors along with protector disease
factors.
Overall, it seeks the answer of “how” and “why”.
2. Identify demographics that affect health.
Age, race, gender, ethnicity, income, and educational level.
3. Describe five descriptive data and five analytic measures.
Descriptive Data:
Incidence: the number of new cases and people in a time
Prevalence: total number of people who have a condition within a population
Rates: calculates the number of injury, disease, and death within a specific
population and a given time frame. This includes three different types of rates: crude
(population rate as a whole, such as death in a population); specific (rates calculated
in subgroups, such as age, gender, etc. ); and adjusted rates ( estimate of crude rate if
the population would be if population were the same in respect to the adjusted
factors, such as age, race, gender, etc.)
Ratios: one number that is divided by another number
Proportions: taking one number and dividing by another number; using
percentages.
Analytic Measures:
Relative Risk: looks at association between the condition and factors
Odds Ratio: is a method to generalize the relative risk in retrospective studies
Attributable Risk: Estimates the excess risk attributable to risk factor exposure.
Point Estimate: A number that identifies whether those in exposed group will
develop disease or condition and those not exposed.
Confidence Interval: Aids in determining whether an association is present between
exposure and condition.
4. List five sources of community health data. (from PowerPoint)
Census –health related data
, •Vital statistics –CDC NCHS
•Notifiable disease reports
•State and Local Health Depts-CDC (USPHS) –MMWR
•Vital record linkage
•Medical and hospital records
•Autopsy records -bias
•National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS)-CDC
5. Explain the epidemiologic triangle.
The Triangle has three corners (called vertices):
Agent: or microbe that causes the disease
(the “what” of the Triangle)
Host: organism harboring the disease
(the “who” of the Triangle)
Environment: or those external factors that
cause or allow disease transmission (the
“where” of the Triangle)
6. Outline the web of causation
7. Briefly explain each community subsystems.
Physical environment: Is what the community looks like, environment quality and
resources, and map of area.
Health and Social Services: Conditions present in the area, shelters, health agencies
and resources, physical and mental health facilities.
Economy: It it is well managed and stocked of stores and buisnesses that will bring
outside money into the town. Employment and unemployment rate.
Transportation & Safety: What is the primary sources of people getting around and
what resources are present for transportation and is it a safe area.
Politics & Government: Is the community involved with politics and jurisdiction of
the community. Are the people involved in the decision being made around them.
