BIOLOGY 101 - QUIZ & Q'S ANSWER
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Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
Test Your Knowledge
Chapter 1 Process of Science
DRIVING QUESTION 1
1 When scientists carry out an experiment, they are testing a .
a.theory
b.questi
on c.
hypothe
sis
d. control
e. variable
Answer: c
2 Of the following, which is the earliest step in the scientific process?
a.generating a hypothesis
b.analyzing data
c. conducting an experiment
d.drawing a conclusion
e.asking a question about an observation
Answer: e
3 In a controlled experiment, which group receives a placebo?
a.the
experimental
group b. the
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control group
c. the scientist group
d. the independent group
e. all groups
Answer: b
4 In the studies of coffee and memory discussed in this chapter, the independent
variable is and the dependent variable is .
a.caffeinated coffee; decaffeinated coffee
b.memory;
caffeinated coffee
c. caffeine;
memory
d. memory; caffeine
e. decaffeinated coffee; caffeinated coffee
Answer: c
5 Can an epidemiologist who finds a correlation between the use of tanning beds and
melanoma (an aggressive form of skin cancer) in college-age women conclude that
tanning beds cause skin cancer?
a.yes, as long as the correlation was statistically significant
b.yes, but only for college-age women
c. yes, but only melanoma skin cancer, not other forms of skin cancer
d.no; the study would have to be done with a wider range of participants (males
and females of different ages) before it can be concluded that tanning beds
cause melanoma
e.no; correlation is not proof of causation
Answer: e
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6 You carry out a clinical trial to test whether a new drug relieves the symptoms of
arthritis better than a placebo. You have four groups of participants, all of whom have
mildly painful arthritis (rated 6 on a scale of 1 to 10). Each group receives a daily pill as
follows: group 1 (control), placebo; group 2, 15 mg; group 3, 25 mg; group 4, 50 mg. At
the end of 2 weeks, participants in each group are asked to rate their pain on a scale of
1 to 10. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
a.the amount of pain experienced at the start of the experiment
b.the amount of pain experienced at the end of the experiment
c. the degree to which pain symptoms changed between the
start and the end of the experiment d. the drug
e. The independent variable could be a, b, or c.
Answer: d
7 You are working on an experiment to test the effect of a specific drug on reducing
the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Describe your control and
experimental groups with respect to age, gender, and breast cancer status.
Answer: Given the parameters, both the experimental and the control groups
would have to be postmenopausal females. As you are looking at reducing the risk
of breast cancer, all women in both groups would be free of breast cancer.
8 Design a randomized clinical trial to test the effects of caffeinated coffee on brain
activity. Design your study so that the results will apply to as many people in as many
scenarios as possible.
Answer: There are many possibilities. The independent variable will be
caffeinated coffee. The dependent variable can be any measure of brain activity
(for example, memory, alertness, problem-solving). The basic design will be to
observe the results on two groups: caffeinated coffee drinkers and non–
caffeinated-coffee drinkers. So that the results will be broadly applicable, the
participants should include both sexes and a variety of ages, ethnicities, and
, BIOLOGY 101 - QUIZ & Q'S ANSWER
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racial groups.
DRIVING QUESTION 2
9 In which of the following would you have the most confidence?
a.a randomized clinical trial with 15,000 subjects
b.a randomized clinical trial with 5,000 subjects
c. an epidemiological study with 15,000 subjects
d.an endorsement of a product by a movie star
e.a report on a study presented by a news organization
Answer: a
10 What is the importance of statistical analyses?
a.They can reveal whether or not the data have been fabricated.
b.They can be used to support or reject the hypothesis.
c. They can be used to determine whether any observed differences between two
groups are real or a result of chance.
d.all of the
above e. b
and c
Answer: e
11 You carry out a clinical trial to test whether a new drug relieves the symptoms of
arthritis better than a placebo. You have four groups of participants, all of whom have
mildly painful arthritis (rated 6 on a scale of 1 to 10). Each group receives a daily pill as
follows: group 1 (control), placebo; group 2, 15 mg; group 3, 25 mg; group 4, 50 mg. At
the end of 2 weeks, participants in each group are asked to rate their pain on a scale of
KEY100% CORRECT DOWNLOAD TO
SCORE A RATED A+
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
Test Your Knowledge
Chapter 1 Process of Science
DRIVING QUESTION 1
1 When scientists carry out an experiment, they are testing a .
a.theory
b.questi
on c.
hypothe
sis
d. control
e. variable
Answer: c
2 Of the following, which is the earliest step in the scientific process?
a.generating a hypothesis
b.analyzing data
c. conducting an experiment
d.drawing a conclusion
e.asking a question about an observation
Answer: e
3 In a controlled experiment, which group receives a placebo?
a.the
experimental
group b. the
, BIOLOGY 101 - QUIZ & Q'S ANSWER
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control group
c. the scientist group
d. the independent group
e. all groups
Answer: b
4 In the studies of coffee and memory discussed in this chapter, the independent
variable is and the dependent variable is .
a.caffeinated coffee; decaffeinated coffee
b.memory;
caffeinated coffee
c. caffeine;
memory
d. memory; caffeine
e. decaffeinated coffee; caffeinated coffee
Answer: c
5 Can an epidemiologist who finds a correlation between the use of tanning beds and
melanoma (an aggressive form of skin cancer) in college-age women conclude that
tanning beds cause skin cancer?
a.yes, as long as the correlation was statistically significant
b.yes, but only for college-age women
c. yes, but only melanoma skin cancer, not other forms of skin cancer
d.no; the study would have to be done with a wider range of participants (males
and females of different ages) before it can be concluded that tanning beds
cause melanoma
e.no; correlation is not proof of causation
Answer: e
, BIOLOGY 101 - QUIZ & Q'S ANSWER
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6 You carry out a clinical trial to test whether a new drug relieves the symptoms of
arthritis better than a placebo. You have four groups of participants, all of whom have
mildly painful arthritis (rated 6 on a scale of 1 to 10). Each group receives a daily pill as
follows: group 1 (control), placebo; group 2, 15 mg; group 3, 25 mg; group 4, 50 mg. At
the end of 2 weeks, participants in each group are asked to rate their pain on a scale of
1 to 10. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
a.the amount of pain experienced at the start of the experiment
b.the amount of pain experienced at the end of the experiment
c. the degree to which pain symptoms changed between the
start and the end of the experiment d. the drug
e. The independent variable could be a, b, or c.
Answer: d
7 You are working on an experiment to test the effect of a specific drug on reducing
the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Describe your control and
experimental groups with respect to age, gender, and breast cancer status.
Answer: Given the parameters, both the experimental and the control groups
would have to be postmenopausal females. As you are looking at reducing the risk
of breast cancer, all women in both groups would be free of breast cancer.
8 Design a randomized clinical trial to test the effects of caffeinated coffee on brain
activity. Design your study so that the results will apply to as many people in as many
scenarios as possible.
Answer: There are many possibilities. The independent variable will be
caffeinated coffee. The dependent variable can be any measure of brain activity
(for example, memory, alertness, problem-solving). The basic design will be to
observe the results on two groups: caffeinated coffee drinkers and non–
caffeinated-coffee drinkers. So that the results will be broadly applicable, the
participants should include both sexes and a variety of ages, ethnicities, and
, BIOLOGY 101 - QUIZ & Q'S ANSWER
KEY100% CORRECT DOWNLOAD TO
SCORE A RATED A+
racial groups.
DRIVING QUESTION 2
9 In which of the following would you have the most confidence?
a.a randomized clinical trial with 15,000 subjects
b.a randomized clinical trial with 5,000 subjects
c. an epidemiological study with 15,000 subjects
d.an endorsement of a product by a movie star
e.a report on a study presented by a news organization
Answer: a
10 What is the importance of statistical analyses?
a.They can reveal whether or not the data have been fabricated.
b.They can be used to support or reject the hypothesis.
c. They can be used to determine whether any observed differences between two
groups are real or a result of chance.
d.all of the
above e. b
and c
Answer: e
11 You carry out a clinical trial to test whether a new drug relieves the symptoms of
arthritis better than a placebo. You have four groups of participants, all of whom have
mildly painful arthritis (rated 6 on a scale of 1 to 10). Each group receives a daily pill as
follows: group 1 (control), placebo; group 2, 15 mg; group 3, 25 mg; group 4, 50 mg. At
the end of 2 weeks, participants in each group are asked to rate their pain on a scale of
